Signature matching device

专利摘要:
The invention relates to a device for signature adaptation, comprising at least one surface element (100; 300; 500) arranged to assume a certain thermal distribution, said surface element comprising at least one temperature generating element (150; 450a, 450b, 4500) arranged to generate at least one predetermined temperature gradient to a portion of said at least one surface element. Said surface element (100; 300; 500) comprises at least one display surface (50), said display surface (50) being arranged at least a predetermined spectrum. The invention also relates to an object such as a vehicle. (Fig. Sa)
公开号:SE1150518A1
申请号:SE1150518
申请日:2011-06-07
公开日:2012-12-08
发明作者:Peder Sjoelund
申请人:Bae Systems Haegglunds Ab；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

US2010 / 0112316 A1 visually provides at least thermal suppression or radar suppression. describes a camouflage system as The system comprises a vinyl layer having a camouflage pattern on a front surface of the vinyl layer. The camouflage pattern contains a site-specific camouflage pattern. A laminate layer is attached over the front surface of the vinyl layer which thereby covers the camouflage pattern to provide protection over the camouflage pattern and a reinforcement of the vinyl layer. One or more nanomaterials are applied to at least one of the vinyl layer, camouflage pattern or laminate to provide at least one of thermal or This Solution static radar suppression alone. enables signature customization.
WO / 2010/093323 A1 describes a device for thermal adaptation, comprising at least one surface element arranged to assume a definite thermal distribution, said surface element comprising a first heat-conducting layer, heat-conducting layers are mutually heat-insulated by means of an intermediate a second heat-conducting layer, wherein said first and second insulating layers, wherein at least one thermoelectric element is provided to generate a predetermined temperature gradient to a portion of said first layer. The invention also relates to an object such as a vehicle. This solution only allows thermal signature adjustment.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a signature matching device that handles both visual and thermal signature matching.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a device for thermal and visual signature matching which enables the creation of thermal and visual camouflage with the desired thermal and visual structure. A further object of the present invention is to provide a device for thermal and visual camouflage which enables the creation of automatic thermal and visual adaptation of the environment and enables the creation of an uneven thermal and visual structure.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a device for thermally and visually imitating, for example, other vehicles / vehicles in order to achieve thermal and visual identification of own troops or to provide opportunities for thermal and visual infiltration in or around, for example, enemy troops during suitable conditions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION These and other objects, which appear from the following description, are achieved by means of an apparatus, a method for signature adaptation and an object and which further have the features set forth in the characterizing part of appended claims 20, 21 and 21, respectively. the device and the method are defined in the appended dependent claims 2-19 and the dependent patent claim 22, respectively.
According to the invention, the objects are achieved with a device for signature matching, comprising at least one surface element arranged to assume a definite thermal distribution, said surface element comprising at least one temperature generating element arranged to generate a predetermined temperature gradient to a portion of said at least one surface element, said at least one surface element a surface element further comprises at least one display surface, said display surface being arranged to emit at least a predetermined spectrum.
This enables fast and efficient thermal and visual adaptation. A particular application of the present invention is thermal and visual adaptation for camouflage of, for example, military vehicles, where said at least one display surface enables rapid adaptation of emitted at least one spectrum (pattern, color) and said at least one temperature generating element enables dynamic thermal adaptation. wherein the combination enables thermal and visual adaptation to take place during movement of the vehicle.
According to an embodiment of the device, said at least one display surface is arranged to be thermally permeable. By providing a thermally permeable display surface having a working temperature range, within which said predetermined temperature gradient falls, a decoupled solution is obtained which allows to individually adjust the thermal and visual signature independently of each other.
According to an embodiment of the device, said at least one display surface is arranged to allow said at least one predetermined temperature gradient to be maintained of said at least one surface element. This enables effective signature matching without affecting each other. thermal signature adaptation together with visual According to an embodiment of the device, said at least one display surface is made of thin film. This means easy application of the display surface.
The thin film further carries a compact device.
According to an embodiment of the device, said is at least one display surface of the emitting type. This results in a cost-effective device.
According to an embodiment of the device, said is at least one display surface of a reflective type. By using a reflective type display surface it is possible to reproduce a more realistic image of the outside world because reflective type display surfaces use naturally incident light to emit at least one spectrum instead of emitting at least one spectrum by means of one or more active light sources.
According to an embodiment of the device, said at least one display surface is arranged to emit at least one predetermined spectrum which contains at least one component within the visual range and at least one component within the infrared range. By emitting one or more spectra comprising components falling within the infrared range and one or more components falling within the visual range, it is possible to regulate the thermal signature in addition to the visual signature by means of the components falling within the infrared range. This means that the thermal signature adjustment can take place faster compared to using only the temperature-generating element.
According to an embodiment of the device, said at least one display surface is arranged to emit at least one predetermined spectrum in a plurality of predetermined directions, said at least one predetermined spectrum being direction dependent. By emitting at least one predetermined spectrum in a plurality of predetermined directions, it is possible to correctly recreate perspectives of visual background objects by reproducing different spectra (patterns, colors) in different directions, which means that a viewer regardless of relative position sees a correct perspective of said visual background objects. .
According to an embodiment of the device, said at least one display surface comprises a plurality of sub-display surfaces, said sub-display surfaces being arranged to emit at least one predetermined spectrum in at least one predetermined direction, said at least one predetermined direction for each sub-display surface being individually offset. . By providing a plurality of sub-display surfaces, it is possible to reproduce several direction-dependent spectra by means of one and the same display surface, since each sub-display surface can be regulated individually.
According to an embodiment of the device, the at least one display surface comprises an obstructing layer arranged to obstruct incident light and an underlying curved reflecting layer arranged to reflect incident light.
By providing an obstructing layer in combination with a layer of direction-dependent spectrum by means of one and the same display surface on an underlying curved reflector, it is possible to reproduce several cost-effective ways. For example, said obstructing layer can be easily constructed of thin film.
Furthermore, it is possible that spectra intended to be reproduced at a certain angle or angle range do not become visible from viewing angles which fall outside said angle or angle range, thanks to said obstructing layer.
According to an embodiment of the device, the device comprises at least one further element arranged to provide a radar suppression.
By providing at least one additional element arranged to provide radar signature reduction, a multispectral system capable of adapting signature to counteract detection, identification and classification by sensor systems operating in radar, visual and infrared fields is enabled.
According to an embodiment of the device, the device comprises at least one further element arranged to provide reinforcement. By providing at least one additional element arranged to provide reinforcement, in addition to a device with increased robustness, it is also possible to have an individually forged modular armor system where surface elements arranged in vehicles can be easily and cost-effectively replaced.
According to an embodiment of the device, the device comprises at least one framework or at least one support structure, wherein at least one framework or support structure is arranged to provide current and control signals / communication. Because the framework itself is arranged to supply power, the number of cables can be reduced.
According to an embodiment of the device, the device comprises a first heat-conducting layer, a second heat-conducting layer, said first and second heat-conducting layers being mutually insulated with intermediate insulating layers, said at least one thermoelectric element being arranged to generate said predetermined temperature gradient to a portion of said first heat conducting layer and wherein said first layer and said second layer have anisotropic heat conduction so that heat conduction takes place mainly in the main extension direction of each layer. The anisotropic layers enable fast and efficient transport of heat and consequently fast and efficient thermal adaptation. With an increasing ratio between heat conduction in the main extension direction of the layer and heat conduction across the layer, it is possible in a device with, for example, several composite surface elements to have the thermoelectric elements arranged at a greater distance from each other, which results in cost-effective composition of surface elements.
By increasing the ratio between the thermal conductivity along the layer and the thermal conductivity across the layer, the layers can be made thinner and still obtain the same effect, alternatively making the layer and thus the surface element faster. If the layers become thinner while maintaining efficiency, they will also be cheaper and lighter. Furthermore, a more even distribution of heat in layers directly below the display surface is made possible, which greatly reduces the possibility that any hot-spots of the underlying layers affect the ability of said display surface to correctly reproduce spectrum in a correct manner.
According to an embodiment of the device, an intermediate heat-conducting element arranged in the insulating layer between the thermoelectric element and the second heat-conducting layer comprises, and has anisotropic heat conduction so that heat conduction takes place substantially across the main direction of extension of the second heat-conducting layer.
According to an embodiment of the device, the surface element has a hexagonal design. This enables simple and general adaptation and assembly when assembling surface elements to a modular system. Furthermore, an even temperature can be generated on the entire hexagonal surface, whereby local temperature differences which may arise in corners of, for example, a square-shaped modular element are avoided.
According to an embodiment, the device further comprises a visual sensing means arranged to sense the visual background of the surroundings, for example visual structural background. This provides information for adapting the output of at least one spectrum from the at least one display surface of surface elements. A visual sensing means such as a video camera provides an almost perfect adaptation to the background where a visual structure of a background (color, pattern) can be reproduced on, for example, a vehicle arranged with several composite surface elements.
According to an embodiment, the device further comprises a thermal sensing means arranged to sense ambient temperature, for example thermal background. This provides information for adjusting the surface temperature of surface elements. A thermal sensing means such as an IR camera provides an almost perfect adaptation to the background where a background temperature variation can be reproduced on, for example, a vehicle arranged with several composite surface elements. The resolution of the IR camera can be arranged to correspond to the composite that the surface elements of the resolution the device can reproduce, i.e. that each surface element corresponds to a number of grouped camera pixels. This gives a very good representation of the background temperature so that, for example, solar heating, snow spots, water accumulations, different emission properties, etc. of the background, which often have a different temperature than the air, can be represented correctly. This effectively counteracts the creation of clear contours and large evenly warm surfaces so that when the device is arranged on a vehicle a very good thermal camouflage of the vehicle is possible.
According to an embodiment of the device, the surface element has a thickness in the range 5-60 mm, preferably 10-25 mm. This enables a light and efficient device.
According to the invention, the objects are achieved with a method for signature matching comprising the steps of: providing a determined thermal distribution to a surface element based on generating at least one predetermined temperature gradient with a temperature generating element to a portion of a surface element, and outputting at least one predetermined spectrum from at least a display surface arranged on said surface element. According to an embodiment of the method, said at least one display surface is thermally permeable.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention will be better understood with reference to the following detailed description read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the many views, and in which: Fig. 1a schematically illustrates in an exploded three-dimensional view of various layer of a portion of a device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 1b schematically illustrates in an exploded side view of different layers of a part of a device in fig 1a; Fig. 2 schematically illustrates a signature matching device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 3a schematically illustrates the signature matching device mounted on an object such as a vehicle, according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 3b schematically illustrates an object such as a vehicle in which the thermal ooh / or visual structure of the background is recreated by means of a device according to the present invention on two parts of the vehicle; Fig. 4a schematically illustrates in an exploded three-dimensional view of different layers of a part of a device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 4b schematically illustrates flows in a device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 5 schematically illustrates in an exploded side view a part of a device for thermal adaptation according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 6a schematically illustrates in an exploded three-dimensional view different layers of a part of a device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 6b schematically illustrates in an exploded side view different layers of a part of a device in Fig. 6a; Fig. 7a schematically illustrates in a side view a type of display layer of a part of a device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 7b schematically illustrates in a side view a type of display layer of a part of a device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 7c schematically illustrates in a plan view a part of a display layer of a part of a device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 7d schematically illustrates in a side view a display layer according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 7e schematically illustrates in a plan view parts of a display layer according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 8a schematically illustrates in a plan view different layers of a part of a device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 8b schematically illustrates in a plan view flows in different layers of a part of a device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 9 schematically illustrates in an exploded three-dimensional view different layers of a part of a device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 10 schematically illustrates a plan view of a device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 11 schematically illustrates a signature matching device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 12a schematically illustrates a plan view of a modular system comprising elements for recreating thermal background or the like; Fig. 12b schematically illustrates an enlarged part of the modular system in Fig. 12a; Fig. 12c schematically illustrates an enlarged portion of the part of Fig. 12b; Fig. 12d schematically illustrates a plan view of a modular system comprising elements for recreating thermal and / or visual background or the like according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 12e schematically illustrates in a side view the modular system of Fig. 12d; Fig. 12f schematically illustrates a side view of a modular system comprising elements for recreating thermal and / or visual background or the like according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 12g schematically illustrates in an exploded three-dimensional view the modular system of Fig. 12f; Fig. 13 schematically illustrates an object such as a vehicle exposed to threats in a threatening direction, where the thermal and / or visual structure of the background is recreated by means of a device according to the present invention on the side of the vehicle facing the threatening direction; Fig. 14 schematically illustrates different potential threat directions for an object such as a vehicle equipped with a device for recreating the thermal and / or visual structure of the desired background.
Figure 15a schematically illustrates a flow chart of a signature matching method, according to an embodiment of the invention; and Figure 15b schematically illustrates in further detail a flow chart of a signature matching method, according to an embodiment of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Herein, the term "link" refers to a communication link which may be a physical line, such as an opto. electronic communication cable, or a non-physical cable, such as a wireless connection, such as a radio or microwave link.
In the embodiments of the present invention described below, temperature generating element means an element by means of which a temperature can be generated.
In the embodiments of the present invention described below, by thermoelectric element is meant an element by means of which Peltier effect is produced when voltage / current is applied thereto. In the embodiments of the present invention, the terms temperature generating element and thermoelectric element are used interchangeably to describe an element by means of which a temperature can be generated. Said thermoelectric element is intended to refer to an example of a temperature generating element.
In the embodiments of the present invention described below, spectrum refers to one or more frequencies or wavelengths of radiation produced by one or more light sources. Thus, the term spectrum is intended to refer to frequencies or wavelengths which are not only within the visible range but also within the infrared range, the ultraviolet range or other ranges of the total electromagnetic spectrum. Furthermore, a given spectrum can be of the narrowband or broadband type, ie. comprise a relatively small number of frequencies / wavelength components or comprise a relatively large number of frequencies / wavelength components. A given spectrum can also be a result of a mixture of a number of different spectra, i.e. comprise a plurality of spectra emitted from a plurality of light sources.
In the embodiments of the present invention described below, color refers to a property of emitted light in terms of how an observer perceives the emitted light. Thus, different colors implicitly refer to different spectra that include different frequencies / wavelength components.
Fig. 1a schematically illustrates in an exploded three-dimensional view of a part 1 of a device for signature adaptation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 1b schematically illustrates in exploded side view the part 1 of the device for signature adaptation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The surface element 100 comprises a display surface 50 arranged to emit at least a predetermined spectrum. The surface element further comprises a temperature generating 150 arranged to temperature gradient. The temperature generating element 150 is arranged to generate at least one predetermined generator generating said predetermined temperature gradient to a portion of said surface element 100. The display surface 50 is mounted on said surface element so that said at least one predetermined spectrum is emitted in a direction directed towards a viewer. The display surface 50 is arranged to be thermally permeable, i.e. arranged to pass said predetermined temperature gradient from said temperature generating element 150 without substantially affecting said predetermined temperature gradient.
According to one embodiment, the temperature-generating element consists of at least one thermoelectric element.
By providing a thermally permeable display surface 50 having a working temperature range within which said predetermined temperature gradient falls, a decoupled solution is achieved which allows to individually adjust the thermal and visual signature independently of each other. Fig. 2 schematically illustrates a device 11 for signature matching according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The device comprises a control circuit 200 or control unit 200 arranged at a surface element 100, for example according to Fig. 1, the control circuit 200 being connected to the surface element 100. The surface element 100 comprises at least one display surface 50 and a temperature generating element 150 such as e.g. a thermoelectric element. The at least one display surface 50 is arranged to receive voltage / current from the control circuit 200, the display surface 50 being configured according to the above in such a way that when a voltage is connected, emitting at least one spectrum from one side of the display surface 50. Said thermoeletric element 150 is arranged to receive voltage / current from the control circuit 200, wherein the thermoelectric element 150 is configured in accordance with the above in such a way that when a voltage is connected, the heat from one side of the thermoelectric element 150 transfers to the other side of the thermoelectric element 150.
The control circuit 200 is connected to the thermoelectric element via links 203, 204 for connecting voltage to the thermoelectric element 150.
The control circuit 200 is connected to the display surface 50 via links 221, 222 for connecting voltage to the display surface 50.
According to one embodiment, the device comprises a temperature sensing means 210, dashed in Fig. 2, arranged to sense the actual physical temperature of the surface element 100. The temperature is according to a variant arranged to be compared with temperature information, preferably continuous information, from thermal sensing means of the control circuit 200. In this case, the temperature sensing means is connected to the control circuit 200 via a link 205.
The control circuit is arranged to receive a signal via the link representing temperature data, the control circuit being arranged to compare temperature data with temperature data from the thermal sensing means. According to one embodiment, the temperature sensing means 210 is arranged on or adjacent to the outer surface of the thermoelectric element 150 so that the temperature sensed is the surface temperature of the surface element 100. When the temperature sensing means 210 is sensed by comparison with temperature information from thermal the sensing means of the control circuit 200 differs from the temperature information of the thermal 200, the thermoelectric element 150 is according to an embodiment arranged to regulate the sensing means of the control circuit the voltage so that the setpoints and setpoints match, the surface temperature of the surface element 100 being adjusted accordingly by the thermoelectric element 150. .
The design of the control circuit 200 depends on the application. According to a variant, the control circuit 200 comprises a switch, wherein in such a case voltage across the thermoelectric element 150 is arranged to be switched on or off to provide cooling (or heating) of the surface of the surface element. Fig. 11 shows the control circuit according to an embodiment of the invention where the device according to the invention is intended to be used for signature adaptation, related to thermal and visual camouflage of, for example, a vehicle.
Fig. 3a schematically illustrates in a three-dimensional view a number of surface elements arranged on a platform according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to Fig. 3a, an exploded side view of a platform 800 is shown.
The platform is provided with a number of said surface elements 100, for example according to Fig. 1, arranged externally on a portion of the platform 800. Said surface elements can be arranged, according to several different configurations which differ compared to the configuration of the surface elements exemplified in Fig. 3a.
For example, more or fewer surface elements may be included in the configuration and these surface elements may be arranged on more portions and / or larger parts of portions of the platform. The exemplary platform 800 is a military vehicle, such as e.g. a motorized combat vehicle. According to this example, the platform 800 is a tank or a combat vehicle. According to a preferred embodiment, the vehicle 800 is a military vehicle. The platform 800 may be a wheeled vehicle, such as e.g. a four-wheel, six-wheel or eight-wheel motor vehicle. The platform 800 may be a tracked vehicle, such as e.g. a tracked vehicle. The platform 800 can be an off-road vehicle of any kind.
In an alternative embodiment, the platform 800 is a stationary military unit.
Here, the platform 800 is described as a tank or a combat vehicle, but it should be pointed out that the invention can also be realized and implemented in a watercraft, such as e.g. a surface battleship. According to one embodiment, the vehicle is a boat, such as a battleship. According to an alternative embodiment, the platform is an airborne vehicle such as e.g. a helicopter. According to an alternative embodiment, the platform is a civilian vehicle or unit according to one of the above-mentioned types.
Fig. 3b schematically illustrates in a three-dimensional view the function of a number of surface elements arranged on a platform according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 3b, an exploded side view of a platform 800 is shown.
The platform is provided with a number of said surface elements 100, for example according to Fig. 1a, arranged externally on two portions of portion of the platform 800 such as one side of a chassis and a tower of a motorized combat vehicle 800.
Said surface elements can be arranged, according to several different configurations which differ compared with the configuration of the surface elements exemplified in Fig. 3b.
For example, more or fewer surface elements may be included in the configuration and these surface elements may be arranged on more portions and / or larger parts of portions of the platform. The vehicle 800 is located in an environment which, from an observer's perspective, comprises three background structures BA1-BA3 such as a sky BA1, a mountain BA2 and a ground plane BA3. Said surface elements are arranged to reproduce said background structures (visually / thermally) BA1-BA3 by and / or using the display surface 50 the temperature generating element 150, for example as described according to Fig. 1. Fig. 4a schematically illustrates in an exploded three-dimensional view showing a part III of a signature-matching device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The device comprises a surface element 300 comprising a control circuit 200, an enclosure housing 510, 520, a first and a second heat conducting layer, an intermediate heat conducting element 160, a display surface 50 arranged to emit at least a predetermined spectrum. The surface element 300 further comprises at least one temperature generating element 150 arranged to generate at least one predetermined temperature gradient. The temperature generating element 150, for example formed by a thermoelectric element 150, is arranged to generate said predetermined temperature gradient to a portion of said first thermally conductive layer 110. The display surface 50 is applied to said surface element 300 so that said at least one predetermined spectrum is emitted in a direction towards a viewer. .
According to one embodiment, for example according to Figures 7a-c, the display surface 50 is connected to a first encapsulation element 510 of the surface element 300 by a fastening joint such as glue, screw or other suitable type of joint.
The control circuit 200, for example according to Fig. 2, is arranged to be electrically / communicatively connected to at least one of the display surface 50 and the temperature generating element 150, the control circuit 200 being arranged to provide control signals relating to the at least one predetermined spectrum and the at least one predetermined temperature gradient.
The surface element 300 according to this embodiment comprises a casing housing, said casing housing comprising a first housing element 510 and a second housing element 520. The first housing element 510 is arranged as an upper protective housing. The second enclosure element 520 is arranged as a base plate and is arranged to be applied by a joint to one or more structures and / or elements of a platform or an object which is desired to be hidden by the visual and thermal adaptation made possible by the system. The first and second casing element elements together form a substantially tight-fitting enclosure of the first 110, the control circuit 200, and the thermoelectric element 150. the heat conductive layer intermediate the insulating layer 130 The first heat conductive layer 110, which according to a preferred embodiment consists of graphite, is arranged below the first encapsulation element 510.
The second thermally conductive layer 120, or inner thermally conductive layer 120, is constituted in a preferred embodiment of graphite.
The first and second heat conductive layers 110, 120 have anisotropic thermal conductivity so that the thermal conductivity in the main extension direction of the layer 110, 120, i.e. along the layer 110, 120 is substantially higher than the thermal conductivity across the layer 110, 120. As a result, heat or cold can be spread rapidly over a large area with relatively few thermoelectric elements, thereby reducing temperature gradients and "hot spots". The first thermally conductive layer 110 and the second according to one embodiment, the heat-conducting layer 120 is made of graphite.
One of the first heat conductive layer 110 and the second heat conductive layer 120 is arranged to be a cold layer and another of the first heat conductive layer 110 and the second heat conductive layer 120 is arranged to be a hot layer. The insulating layer 130 is configured so that heat from the hot thermally conductive layer does not affect the cold thermally conductive layer and vice versa. According to a preferred embodiment, the insulating layer 130 is a vacuum-based layer. This reduces both radiant heat and convection heat.
According to one embodiment, the thermoelectric element 150 is arranged in the insulating layer 130. The thermoelectric element 150 is configured in such a way that when a voltage is connected, i.e. a current is supplied to the thermoelectric element 150, the heat from one side of the thermoelectric element 150 is transferred to the other side of the thermoelectric element 150. The 150 is arranged between two heat-conducting layers 110, 120, for example two graphite layers , with the asymmetric thermoelectric element consequently thermal conductivity to efficiently dissipate and evenly distribute heat or cold. Thanks to the combination of the thermally conductive layers 110, 120 with anisotropic thermal conductivity and the insulating layer 130, by applying voltage to the thermoelectric element, the surface 102 of the surface element 100, which according to this embodiment consists of the surface of the first thermally conductive layer 110, can be thermally adapted rapidly. and efficiently. The thermoelectric element 150 is in thermal contact with the first heat-conducting layer 110. The intermediate 160 comprises arranged in 130, the control circuit 200 and the second encapsulation element 520 inside it. According to one embodiment, the heat-conducting element comprises the insulating layer thermoelectric element 150 to fill any space between the thermoelectric element 150 and the second heat conducting element 120.
This so that heat conduction can take place more efficiently between the thermoelectric 150 and the 120. The heat-conducting anisotropic element The second heat-conducting element intermediate element has a thermal conductivity where the thermal conductivity is significantly better across the element than longitudinally, i.e. conducts heat significantly better across the layers of the surface element 100. This is shown in Fig. 4b. According to one embodiment, the intermediate thermally conductive element 160 is made of graphite having the same properties as the first and second thermally conductive layers 110, 120 fixed with anisotropic thermal conductivity in a direction perpendicular to the thermal conductivity of the first and second thermally conductive layers 110, 120.
According to one embodiment, the intermediate thermally conductive element 160 is arranged in an aperture arranged to receive said intermediate thermally conductive element 160. Said aperture is arranged to pass through the intermediate insulating layer 130, the control circuit 200 and the second encapsulation element 520. Furthermore, it would the insulating layer 130 may be adapted in thickness to the thermoelectric element 150 so that there is no space between the thermoelectric element 150 and the second heat conducting element 120.
According to one embodiment, the first heat-conducting layer 110 has a thickness in the range 0.1-2 mm, for example 0.4-0.8 mm, where the thickness depends, among other things, on the application and the desired thermal conductivity and efficiency. According to one embodiment, the second heat-conducting layer 120 has a thickness in the range 0.1-2 mm, for example 0.4-0.8 mm, where the thickness depends, among other things, on the application and the desired thermal conductivity and efficiency. According to one embodiment, the insulating layer 130 has a thickness in the range 1-30 mm, for example 10-20 mm, where the thickness depends, among other things, on application and the desired efficiency.
According to one embodiment, the thermoelectric element 150 has a thickness in the range 1-20 mm, for example 2-8 mm, according to a variant around 4 mm, where the thickness depends, among other things, on the application and the desired thermal conductivity and efficiency. According to one embodiment, the thermoelectric element has a surface in the order of 0.01 mm2-200 cm2.
According to one embodiment, the thermoelectric element 150 has a square or other arbitrary geometric shape, for example a hexagonal shape.
The intermediate heat conducting element 160 has a thickness which is adapted to fill the space between the thermoelectric element 150 and the second heat conducting layer 120.
According to one embodiment, the first and second casing elements of the casing housing have a thickness in the range 0.2-4 mm, for example 0.5-1 mm and depend, among other things, on application and efficiency.
According to one embodiment, the surface of the surface element 100 is in the range 25-8000 cm 2, for example 75-1000 cm 2. According to an embodiment, the thickness of the surface element is in the range 5-60 mm, for example 10-25 mm, where the thickness depends, among other things, on the application and the desired thermal conductivity and efficiency.
Fig. 4b schematically illustrates flows in an exploded side view of the part III of a signature matching device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The device comprises a surface element 300 arranged to assume a definite thermal distribution, said surface element comprising a housing cover, said housing housing comprising a first housing element 510 and a second housing element 520, a first heat-conducting layer 110, a second heat-conducting layer 120, wherein said first and second thermally conductive layers are mutually heat insulated by means of an intermediate insulating layer 130, and a thermoelectric element 150 arranged to generate a predetermined temperature gradient to a portion of said first thermally conductive layer 110.
The device further comprises at least one display surface 50 arranged to emit at least a predetermined spectrum. The device also comprises an intermediate heat conducting element 160, for example as described in connection with Fig. 4a.
According to certain embodiments, see for example Fig. 6a, the surface element 300 comprises additional layers for, for example, application of the surface element 300 to a vehicle.
Here, a third layer 310 and a fourth layer 320 are provided for further dissipation of heat and / or for thermal contact with the surface of, for example, vehicles.
As shown in Fig. 4b, the heat is transported from one side of the thermoelectric element 150 and passes to the other side of the thermoelectric element and further through the intermediate heat conducting element 160, where heat transport is illustrated by white arrows A or unfilled arrows A and transport of cooling is illustrated by black arrows B or filled arrows B, where the transport of cooling physically involves the removal of heat which has the opposite direction to the direction of transport of cooling. Here it appears that the first and second thermally conductive layers 110, 120, which according to one embodiment consist of graphite, have anisotropic thermal conductivity so that the thermal conductivity in the main extension direction of the layer 110, 120, i.e. along the layer is significantly higher than the thermal conductivity across the layer. As a result, heat or cold can be spread rapidly over a large surface with relatively few thermoelectric elements and relatively low applied power, whereby temperature gradients and "hot spots" are reduced. Furthermore, an even and constant desired temperature can be maintained at the surface for a longer period of time.
Heat is passed through the third layer 310 and the fourth layer 320 to dissipate heat.
As further shown in Fig. 4b, at least one spectrum comprising light of one or more wavelengths / frequencies is emitted from said at least one display surface 50, where emitted light is illustrated by dashed arrows D.
Heat is further conducted from the first heat-conducting layer 110 up into the first capsule element and through said at least one display surface 50, which is arranged to be thermally permeable. This enables a decoupling between the thermal and visual signature that is given, ie. the thermal signature does not significantly affect the visual signature and vice versa.
Fig. 5 schematically illustrates in an exploded side view a part IV of a device for signature matching according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The device according to this embodiment differs from the embodiment according to Fig. 4a only in that instead of an enclosure housing, a first heat-conducting layer, a second heat-conducting layer, an intermediate insulating layer, a temperature-generating element and a display surface it comprises an enclosure housing, a first heat-conducting layer , a second heat-conducting layer, an intermediate insulating layer, a display surface and three superimposed thermoelectric elements. The device comprises a surface element 400 arranged to assume a certain thermal distribution and emit at least a certain spectrum, said surface element 400 comprising a housing housing, said housing housing comprising a first housing element 510 and a second housing element 520, a display surface 50 , a first thermally conductive layer 110, a second thermally conductive layer 120, wherein said first and second thermally conductive layers 110, 120 are mutually heat insulated by an intermediate insulating layer 130, and a thermoelectric element configuration 450 arranged to generate a portion of said first predetermined temperature gradient to a thermally conductive layer. layer 110.
According to one embodiment, the device comprises an intermediate heat conducting element 160 arranged in the insulating layer 130 inside the thermoelectric element 150 to fill any space between the thermoelectric element configuration 450 and the second heat conducting element 120. This so that heat conduction can take place more efficiently between the thermoelectric element configuration 450. and the second heat conducting element 120. The intermediate heat conducting element 160 has an anisotropic thermal conductivity where the thermal conductivity is substantially better across the element than longitudinally, i.e. conducts heat significantly better across the layers of the surface member 300, in accordance with what is illustrated in Fig. 4a.
The thermoelectric element configuration 450 includes three consecutive 450a, 450b, 450c. A thermoelectric element 450a arranged at the outermost part of the insulating layer of arranged thermoelectric elements comprises the first surface element 400, a second thermoelectric element 450b, and a third thermoelectric element 4500 arranged at the innermost part, the second thermoelectric element 450b being arranged between the first and third thermoelectric elements. .
At applied voltage when the outer surface 402 of the surface element 400 is intended to be cooled so that heat is transported by means of the first thermoelectric element 450a from the surface and towards the second thermoelectric element 450b. The second thermoelectric element 450b is arranged to transport heat from its outer surface towards the third thermoelectric element 450c so that the second 450b helps to remove excess heat from the first thermoelectric element 450a. The third thermoelectric element transporting the thermoelectric element 450c is arranged to transport heat from its outer surface towards the second heat conducting layer 120, via the intermediate heat conducting element 160, so that the third thermoelectric element 450c helps to transport away excess heat from the first and second thermoelectric elements. the elements. In this case, a voltage is applied across the respective thermoelectric element 450a, 450b, 450c.
Here, an intermediate thermally conductive element is disposed between the thermoelectric element configuration 450 and the second thermally conductive element 120. Alternatively, the thermoelectric element configuration 450 is arranged to fill the entire insulating layer so that no intermediate thermally conductive element is required.
According to one embodiment, respective thermoelectric elements 450a, 450b, 450c have a thickness in the range 1-20 mm, for example 2-8 mm, according to a variant around 4 mm, where the thickness depends, among other things, on application and desired thermal conductivity and efficiency. According to one embodiment, the insulating layer 130 has a thickness in the range 4-30 mm, for example 10-20 mm, where the thickness depends, among other things, on application and the desired efficiency.
By using three thermoelectric elements arranged on top of each other, as in this example, the net effect of transported heat is higher than if only one thermoelectric element is used. This streamlines heat removal. This may, for example, be required in strong solar heat to efficiently dissipate heat.
Alternatively, two superimposed thermoelectric elements may be used, or more than three superimposed thermoelectric elements. Fig. 6a schematically illustrates in an exploded three-dimensional view a part V of a device for signature matching according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6b schematically illustrates in an exploded side view a part V of a signature matching device according to an embodiment of the present invention, for example a military vehicle suitable for use in signature matching.
The device comprises a surface element 500 arranged to assume a definite thermal distribution, said surface element 500 comprising a housing cover, said housing housing comprising a first housing element 510 and a second housing element 520, a first heat conductive layer 110, a second heat conductive layer 120, wherein said first and second heat conducting layers 110, 120 are mutually heat insulated by means of a first intermediate insulating layer 131 and a second intermediate insulating layer 132, a control circuit 200, a boundary layer material 195, a reinforcing element 180, a radar suppressing element 190, a thermoelectric element 150 arranged to generate a predetermined temperature gradient to a portion of said first thermally conductive layer 110 and a display surface 50 arranged to emit at least a predetermined spectrum.
According to a variant, the module element 500 forms part of the device which is composed of module elements, wherein the module elements according to an embodiment consist of module elements according to Figs. 6a-b, the module element forming a modular system, for example as shown in Figs. 12a-c. .
The module element 500 according to this embodiment comprises an enclosure housing, wherein said enclosure housing comprises a first enclosure element 510 and a second enclosure element 520. The first enclosure element 510 is arranged as an upper protective housing. The second encapsulation element 520 is arranged as a bottom plate and is arranged to be applied, for example as described in Figures 12a-g, by a joint against one or more structures and / or elements of a platform or an object which is desired to be hidden by the visual and thermal adaptation made possible by the system. The first and second encapsulation elements together form a substantially tight-fitting enclosure of one of the first heat conductive layer 110, the first intermediate insulating layer 131 and the second intermediate insulating layer 132, the control circuit 200, the boundary layer material 195, the reinforcing element 180, the radar suppressing element 190 and the radar suppressing element 190. the thermoelectric element 150. The encapsulation housing is composed of a material with effective thermal conductivity to conduct heat or cooling from an underlying layer to enable the desired thermal structure to be reproduced, which according to one embodiment is a copy of the thermal background or background temperature. According to one embodiment, the first housing element 510 and the second housing element 520 of the housing housing are made of aluminum, which has effective thermal conductivity and is robust and durable, which provides good external protection and consequently is well suited for off-road vehicles.
According to this embodiment, the module element 500 comprises at least one display surface 50, for example according to Figs. 7a-c. The at least one display surface 50 is arranged on the upper side of the first encapsulation element 510 such as e.g. arranged on the upper side of the first cutting element by means of a fastening joint such as an adhesive or screw joint.
The first thermally conductive layer 110, which according to a preferred embodiment is constituted by graphite, is arranged below the first casing element 510. The second thermally conductive layer 120 or the inner thermally conductive layer 120, is constituted according to a preferred embodiment of graphite.
The first thermally conductive layer 110 and the second thermally conductive layer 120 have anisotropic thermal conductivity. Thus, the first and the second thermally conductive layer have such a composition and such a thermal conductivity, i.e. properties that the main direction of extension of the longitudinal layer along the thermal conductivity of the layer is significantly higher than the transverse thermal conductivity, i.e. the thermal conductivity across the layer, where the thermal conductivity along the layer is good. These properties are made possible by graphite layers with pure collages, which is achieved by refining so that higher anisotropy of the graphite is obtained. As a result, heat can be spread rapidly over a large area with relatively few thermoelectric elements, thereby reducing temperature gradients and "hot spots".
According to a preferred embodiment, the ratio between longitudinal thermal conductivity and transverse thermal conductivity of the layer 110, 120 is greater than one hundred. With an increasing ratio, it is possible to have the thermoelectric elements arranged at a greater distance from each other, which results in a cost-effective assembly of module elements. By increasing the ratio between the thermal conductivity along the layer 110, 120 and the thermal conductivity across the layer 110, 120, the layers can be made thinner and thus still obtain the same effect, alternatively making the layer modular element 500 faster.
One of the first and second heat conductive layers 110, 120 is arranged to be a cold layer and another of the first and second heat conductive layers 110, 120 is arranged to be a hot layer. According to an application, for example for camouflage of vehicles, the first heat-conducting layer 110, i.e. the outer layer of heat-conducting layers, the cold layer.
According to a variant, the graphite layers 110, 120 have a composition such that the thermal conductivity along the graphite layer is in the order of 300-1500 W / mK and the thermal conductivity across the graphite layer is in the order of 1-10 W / mK.
According to one embodiment, the module element 500 comprises an intermediate thermally conductive element 160 arranged inside the housing. Where said intermediate heat conducting element 160 is further arranged to pass through an aperture centrally positioned at the underlying layer / element, arranged to receive said intermediate heat conducting element 160. Said aperture is arranged to pass through the first insulating layer 131 in whole or in part. , the second insulating layer 132, the radar suppressing element 190, the reinforcing element 180, the control circuit 200, the boundary layer material 195 and the second casing element 520 to fill any space between the thermoelectric element 150 and the second heat conducting element 120. This so that heat conduction can take place more efficiently between the thermoelectric element 150 and the second heat conducting element 120.
The intermediate thermally conductive element has an anisotropic thermal conductivity where the thermal conductivity is significantly better across the element than longitudinally, i.e. conducts heat significantly better across the layers of the surface element 300. This is shown in Fig. 4b. According to one embodiment, the intermediate thermally conductive element 160 is made of graphite having the same properties as the first and second thermally conductive layers 110, 120 fixed with anisotropic thermal conductivity in a direction perpendicular to the thermal conductivity of the first and second thermally conductive layers 110, 120.
The first and second thermal insulation layers are arranged between the first thermally conductive layer 110 and the second thermally conductive layer 120. The insulating layers 131, 132 are configured so that heat from the hot thermally conductive layer 110, 120 minimally affects the cold thermally conductive layer 120, 110 and vice versa. The insulating layer 131, 132 significantly improves the performance of the module element 500 / device. The first thermally conductive layer 110 and the second thermally conductive layer 120 are mutually thermally insulated by the intermediate insulating layers 131, 132. The thermoelectric element 150 is in thermal contact with the first thermally conductive layer 110.
The first encapsulation element 510 and the first thermally conductive element 110 are provided with a frequency-selective surface structure, also referred to as a frequency-selective sub-area 510B, 110B. Said frequency selective sub-surface area 510B, 110B is arranged to surround a sub-surface area 51OA, 110A of said first encapsulation element 510 and the first heat-conducting element 110. Said sub-surface area 510A, 110A is further arranged to be free frequency-selective surface structure.
According to one embodiment, said sub-surface area 51OA, 110A of said first encapsulation element 510 and the first heat-conducting element 110 is arranged on a surface opposite to the surface against which said at least one thermoelectric element 150 is applied. Where the propagation of said sub-surface area 51OA, 110A corresponds to the propagation of said at least one thermoelectric element 150. By providing a frequency-selective sub-surface area, transmission of incident radio waves from radar system ie is made possible. wherein said radio waves transmitted / filtered by said first encapsulation element 510 and said first thermally conductive element 110. By providing a partial surface area of said first thermally conductive layer and said first encapsulation element 110A, 51OA, against which said at least one temperature generating element 150 abuts which is free from frequency-selective sub-surface, a more efficient and faster heat conduction of said at least said first heat-conducting layer 110 and said first enclosure element 510 is enabled.
According to one embodiment, said radar suppressing element 190 is integrated in said first heat conducting layer 110. According to this radar suppressing element 190. According to this embodiment, the surface element does not comprise a separate further said first heat conducting layer 110 does not have a frequency selective surface structure. According to this embodiment, said first heat-conducting layer 110 is both heat-conducting properties and radar-absorbing properties, for example provided by a material which enables good such as graphite. According to this embodiment, the entire surface of said first enclosure element 510 is arranged with a frequency selective surface structure so that incident radio waves are filtered and where the filtered radio waves passed through the first enclosure element are attenuated by the underlying thermally conductive layer 110. According to this embodiment, control circuit 200 may be arranged to provide control signals to said at least one thermoelectric element 150 so that any heat generated in said first heat conducting layer 110 due to absorption of incident filtered radio waves may be compensated for. This information can be provided, for example, by utilizing 210. radar suppressing functionality in said first thermally conductive layer 110 temperature sensing means by enabling the surface element 500 to effectively absorb incident radio waves over its entire surface and not just the surface enclosing said at least one thermoeletric element. Furthermore, it is possible to design the surface element so that it becomes thinner and lighter since no separate radar suppressing element is needed.
According to one embodiment, the first insulating layer 131 is arranged between the first heat-conducting layer 110 and the radar suppressing element 190.
According to one embodiment, the second insulating layer 132 is arranged between the reinforcing element 180 and the control circuit 200.
According to one embodiment, at least one of the first and second insulating layers 131, 132 is such as e.g. the first insulating layer 131 a vacuum-based element 530 or vacuum-based layer 530. Thereby both radiant heat and convection heat are reduced due to the interaction between matter, as in conventional insulating materials with a high degree of entrapped air, i.e. porous materials such as foam, fiberglass wool, or the like are relatively high, occur to a very low degree, the air pressure is in the hundreds of thousands of times the conventional order of magnitude lower than insulation materials.
According to one embodiment, the vacuum-based element 530 is clad with highly reflective membrane 532. Thereby, heat transport in the form of electromagnetic radiation is counteracted, which does not have to interact with matter for heat transport.
The vacuum-based element 530 consequently provides very good insulation, and is furthermore has a flexible configuration for different applications, and thereby fulfills many valuable aspects where volume and weight are important. According to one embodiment, the pressure in the vacuum-based element is in the range 0.005 and 0.01 dry.
According to one embodiment, at least one of the first and second insulating layers 131, 132 comprises e.g. the first insulating layer 131 low-emission screens 534 or layer 534 arranged to substantially reduce the part of the heat transport which takes place by radiation. According to one embodiment, at least one of the first and second insulating layers 131, 132 comprises e.g. the first insulating layer 131 a combination of vacuum based element 530 and low emissive layers 534 in a sandwich construction. This provides a very efficient heat insulator and can give k-values as good as 0.004 W / mK.
According to one embodiment, at least one of the first insulating layer 131 and the second insulating layer 132 is formed of a thermally insulating foam material or other suitable thermally insulating material.
According to one embodiment, the first encapsulation element 510 and the first heat-conducting layer 110 are arranged to each provide a frequency-selective surface 535, 536, for example according to Figure 8.
The radar suppressing element 190 is according to an embodiment arranged between the first insulating vapor layer 131 and the reinforcing element 180.
The reinforcing element 180, for example according to Figure 9, is according to one embodiment arranged between the radar suppressing element and the second insulating layer 132. According to one embodiment, the control circuit 200 is arranged between the second insulating layer 132 and the boundary layer material 195. Where the control circuit is provided at least a display surface 50 and said thermoelectric element 150. arranged that control signals / voltage / current to said boundary layer material 195 are according to one embodiment arranged between 200 and the 520.
The boundary layer material 195 is arranged to provide attachment of the control circuit second enclosure element control circuit 200 to the second enclosure element 520 and to conduct heat from the control circuit 200 to the second enclosure element 520. By providing an interface layer material 195 as above it is possible to efficiently dissipate heat from the control circuit. 200 does not overheat and does not thermally affect the upper layers as these are intended to be cooled.
The module element 500 further comprises a temperature sensing means 210, the embodiment consisting of a thermal sensor. which according to a temperature sensing means 210 is arranged to sense the current temperature. According to a variant, the temperature sensing means 210 is arranged to measure a voltage drop through a material which is arranged at the far end of the sensor, which material has such properties that it changes resistance depending on temperature. According to one embodiment, the thermosensor comprises two types of metals which in its boundary layer generate a weak voltage depending on temperature. This tension arises from the Seebecke effect.
The magnitude of the voltage is directly proportional to the magnitude of this temperature gradient. Depending on the temperature range you want to measure, different types of sensors are better suited than others, where different types of metals that generate different voltages can be used. The temperature is then arranged to be compared with continuous information from a thermal sensing means arranged to sense / copy the thermal background, i.e. the background temperature. The temperature sensing means 210, for example a thermosensor, is attached to the top of the first heat conducting layer 110, and the temperature sensing means in the form of, for example, a thermosensor 110 can be made very thin and according to one embodiment can be arranged in the first heat conducting layer. for example the graphite layer, in which a recess for countersinking the sensor 110 according to an embodiment is arranged.
The module element 500 further comprises the thermoelectric element 150. According to one embodiment, the thermoelectric element 150 is arranged in the first insulating layer 131. According to one embodiment, the temperature sensing means 210 is arranged in layer 110 and in close connection with the outer surface of the thermoelectric element 150. A voltage is connected to the thermoelectric element 150, the thermoelectric element 150 being configured so that when a voltage is connected, the heat from one side of the thermoelectric element 150 is transferred to the other side of the thermoelectric element 150. When it is sensed by the sensing means 210 the temperature when compared with temperature information from the thermal sensing means differs from that temperature information, the voltage to the thermoelectric element 150 is arranged to be regulated so that the setpoint and setpoint values correspond, the temperature of the module element 500 by means of the thermoelectric element ntet 150 is adjusted accordingly.
According to one embodiment, the thermoelectric element is a semiconductor operating according to the Peltiere effect. The Peltier effect is a thermoelectric phenomenon that occurs when a direct current is allowed to flow over different metals or semiconductors. In this way, a heat pump can be created that cools one side of the element and heats the other. The thermoelectric element comprises two ceramic plates with high thermal conductivity. The thermoelectric element according to this variant further comprises semiconductor rods which are positively doped at one end and negatively doped at the other end so that when a current flows through the semiconductors electrons are forced to flow so that one side becomes hotter and the other colder (deficit of electrons). When changing the current direction, ie. when the polarity of the applied voltage changes, the effect becomes the reverse, ie. the other side gets hot and the first cold. This is the so-called Peltier effect, which is consequently used in the present invention. According to one embodiment, the solder element 500 further comprises a third heat conducting layer (not shown) in the form of a heat pipe layer or heat pipe layer or hot plate layer arranged below the second heat conducting layer 120 to dissipate heat to effectively dissipate excess heat. The third heat-conducting layer 550, i.e. the heating tube layer / hot plate layer comprises, according to a variant, sealed aluminum or copper with internal capillary surfaces in the form of wicks, where the wicks according to a variant consist of sintered copper powder. According to a variant, the wick is saturated with liquid which during various processes is either evaporated or condensed. The type of liquid and wick is determined by the temperature range that applies and determines the thermal conductivity.
The pressure in the heating pipe layer / hot plate layer is relatively low, so that the specific vapor pressure of the liquid is the third heat-conducting layer, i.e. causes the liquid in the wick to evaporate at the point where heat is applied. The steam in this position has a significantly higher pressure than its surroundings, which means that it spreads quickly to all areas with lower pressure, in which areas it condenses into the wick and emits its energy in the form of heat. This process is continuous until an equilibrium pressure is created. This process is at the same time reversible so that even cooling, ie. lack of heat, can be transported under the same principle.
The advantage of using layers of heating pipes / hotplates is that they have a very efficient thermal conductivity, significantly higher than, for example, ordinary copper. The ability to transport heat, so-called Axial Power Rating (APC), allows the heating tube / heating plate together with the heat-conducting layers to deteriorate with the length of the tube and increase with its diameter. rapid dissipation of excess heat from the underside of the module element 500 to the underlying material due to their good ability to distribute the heat over large areas. Through heating pipes / hotplates, rapid dissipation of excess heat is made possible, which is required, for example, under certain solar conditions.
Due to the rapid dissipation of excess heat, efficient operation of the thermoelectric element 150 is enabled, which enables efficient thermal adaptation of the environment continuously.
According to this embodiment, the first heat-conducting layer and the second heat-conducting layer consist of graphite layers as described above and the third heat-conducting layer consists of heating pipe / hot plate layers. According to a variant of the invention, the third heat-conducting layer can be omitted, which results in a somewhat reduced efficiency, but at the same time reduces the costs.
According to another variant, the first and / or second heat-conducting layer of heating pipe / heating plate layer can, which increases the efficiency but at the same time increases the costs. In the case where the second heat-conducting layer consists of heating pipe / hot-plate layers, the third heat-conducting layer can be omitted. The lead module element 500 further comprises, according to one embodiment, a thermal membrane (not shown). According to this embodiment, the thermal membrane is arranged below the third heat-conducting layer. The thermal membrane enables good thermal contact on surfaces with minor irregularities such as the hull of motor vehicles, which irregularities can otherwise lead to impaired thermal contact. This improves the possibility of dissipation of excess heat and thus efficient work of the thermoelectric element 150. According to one embodiment, the thermal membrane forms a soft layer with high thermal conductivity, which means that the module element 500 has good thermal contact with, for example, the hull of the vehicle. .
The module element 500 and its layers have been described above as flat. Other alternative designs / configurations are also conceivable. Furthermore, configurations other than those described regarding the relative placement of the elements / layers of module elements are conceivable. Furthermore, configurations other than those described regarding the number of elements / layers and their respective function are conceivable. According to one embodiment, the first heat-conducting layer 110 has a thickness in the range 0.1-2 mm, for example 0.4-0.8 mm, where the thickness depends, among other things, on the application and the desired thermal conductivity and efficiency. According to one embodiment, the second heat-conducting layer 120 has a thickness in the range 0.1-2 mm, for example 0.4-0.8 mm, where the thickness depends, among other things, on the application and the desired thermal conductivity and efficiency.
According to one embodiment, the first and second insulating layers 131, 132 each have a thickness in the range 1-30 mm, for example 2-6 mm, where the thickness depends, among other things, on application and the desired efficiency.
According to one embodiment, the thermoelectric element 150 has a thickness in the range 1-20 mm, for example 2-8 mm, according to a variant around 4 mm, where the thickness of the oak depends, among other things, on application and the desired thermal conductivity and efficiency. According to one embodiment, the thermoelectric element has a surface in the order of 0.01 mm2-200 cm2.
The intermediate thermally conductive element 160 has a thickness which is adapted to fill the space between the thermoelectric element 150 and the second thermally conductive layer 120. According to one embodiment, the intermediate thermally conductive element has a thickness in the range 5-30 mm, for example 10-20 mm. mm, according to a variant around 15 mm, where the thickness of the oak depends, among other things, on the application and the desired heat conduction and efficiency.
According to one embodiment, the first and second casing elements of the casing housing have a thickness in the range 0.2-4 mm, for example 0.5-1 mm and depend, among other things, on application and efficiency.
According to one embodiment, the thermal membrane 560 has a thickness in the range 0.05-1 mm, for example around 0.4 mm and depends, among other things, on the application. 10 15 20 25 37 The third heat-conducting layer 550 in the form of a heating pipe / heating plate according to the above has according to one embodiment a thickness in the range 2-8 mm, for example around 4 mm, where the thickness depends, among other things, on application, desired efficiency and heat conduction.
According to one embodiment, the surface of the module element / surface element 500 is in the range 25-2000 cm for example 75-1000 em According to one embodiment, the surface element of the tile element is in the range 5-40 mm, for example 15-30 mm, where the thickness depends, among other things, on the application and the desired heat conduction and efficiency, as well as the material of the various layers.
Fig. 7a schematically illustrates in a side view the display surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
According to one embodiment, the display surface 50 is of the emitting type. Display surface of the emitting type refers to a display surface that actively generates and emits light LE. Examples of display elements of the emitting type are e.g. a display surface using any of the following techniques: LCD ("Liquid Crystal Display"), LED ("Light Emitting Diode"), OLED ("Organic Light emitting Diode") or any other suitable emitting technology based on both organic or non-organic electrochromic technology or equivalent.
Fig. 7b schematically illustrates in a side view the display surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
According to a preferred embodiment, the display surface 50 is of a reflective type.
By reflecting type display surface is meant a display surface arranged to receive incident light L1 and emit reflected light LR by using said incident light L1. Examples of display elements of a reflective type are e.g. display surface using any of the following display techniques: electrically controllable (ECI, electrically controllable inorganic electrochromes (ECO), or other suitable "E-ink", organic electrochromes "Electrically Controllable Electrochromes"), reflective techniques such as electrophoretic, cholesteric, microelectromechanical system (MEMS) coupled to one or more optical films or electrofluidic. By using a display surface 50 of a reflective type, it is possible to reproduce at least one spectrum which faithfully reproduces structures / colors, since this type uses naturally incident light instead of generating its own light, which e.g. an emitted type display surface as an LCD does. Common to a display surface of a reflective type is that an applied voltage enables modification of the reflection properties for each individual pixel P1-P4. By regulating the applied voltage for each pixel, it is thus possible for each pixel to reproduce a certain color when reflecting incident light which is dependent on the voltage applied.
According to an alternative embodiment, the display surface 50 is of reflective type and emitting type such as multimodal liquid crystal (Multimode LCD). Where said display surface 50 according to this embodiment is arranged to both emit at least one spectrum and to reflect at least one spectrum. Fig. 70 schematically illustrates in a view from above the display surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The display surface 50 comprises a plurality of pixels ("pixels") P1-P4, wherein said pixels P1-P4 each comprise a plurality of sub-elements ("sub-pixels") S1-S4. Said pixels P1-P4 have a spread in height H and a spread in width W.
According to one embodiment, the pixels each have a spread in height H in the range 0.01-100 mm, for example 5-30 mm.
According to one embodiment, the pixels each have a spread in width W in the range 0.01 mm - 100 mm, for example 5 - 30 mm.
According to one embodiment, each pixel P1-P4 comprises at least three sub-elements 81-84. Where each of said three sub-elements is arranged to emit a color of the primary colors red, green or blue (RGB) or the secondary colors cyan, magenta, yellow or black (ClVlYK). By regulating the light intensity emitted from the respective sub-elements by means of control signals, each pixel is made possible to emit any color / spectrum, for example white or black.
According to one embodiment, each pixel P1-P4 comprises at least four sub-elements 81-84. Where each of three of said four sub-elements is arranged to emit a color of the primary colors red, green or blue (RGB) or the secondary colors cyan, magenta, yellow, or black (Cl / IYK) and wherein one of said four sub-elements are arranged to emit one or more spectra comprising components which fall outside the visual wavelengths such as e.g. arranged to emit one or more spectra comprising components within the infrared wavelengths. By emitting one or more spectra comprising components falling within the infrared range and one or more components falling within the visual range, it is possible to regulate the thermal signature in addition to the visual signature by means of the components falling within the infrared range. This makes it possible to shorten the response time associated with adapting thermal signature by means of said thermoelectric element 150.
Said display surface can be arranged according to several different configurations which differ compared with the configuration of the display surface exemplified in Fig. 7c.
For example, more or fewer pixels may be included in the configuration and these pixels may include more or fewer sub-elements.
According to an embodiment, the display surface 50 consists of thin film, for example thin film substantially of polymeric material. Said thin film may comprise one or more active and / or passive layers / thin layers as well as one or more components such as electrically responsive components / layers or passive / active filters.
According to one embodiment, the display surface 50 consists of flexible thin film. According to one embodiment, the display surface 50 has a thickness in the range 0.01-5 mm, for example 0.1-0.5 mm, where dimensioning depends, among other things, on application and the desired efficiency.
According to one embodiment, the pixels P1-P4 of the display surface 50 have a width in the range 1-5 mm, for example 0.5-1.5 mm and a height in the range 1-5 mm, for example 05-15 mm, where dimensioning depends, among other things, on the application and the desired efficiency.
According to one embodiment, the display surface 50 has a thickness in the range 005-15 mm, for example 0.1-0.5 mm, according to a variant around 0.3 mm, where the thickness depends, among other things, on application and the desired thermal permeability, color reproduction and efficiency.
According to one embodiment, the display surface 50 is configured to have a working temperature range which comprises the temperature range within which the desired thermal adjustment takes place, for example within -20-150 ° C. This means that reproduction of the at least one predetermined spectrum for the desired visual adaptation is not substantially affected by the desired temperature for thermal signature adaptation from the underlying layers.
According to one embodiment, the display surface 50 is of the emitting type and arranged to provide direction-dependent reflection. For example, each pixel of the display surface 50 may be arranged to alternately provide at least two different spectra. This can be accomplished by providing at least two independent control signals so that each pixel reproduces at least two different spectra at at least two different times defined by one or more refresh rates.
Fig. 7d schematically illustrates in a side view a display surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
According to one embodiment, the display surface 50 is of a reflective type and arranged to provide direction-dependent reflection. According to this embodiment, the display surface comprises at least a first underlying display layer 51 and a second upper display layer 52. Said first display layer 51 is arranged as a reflective layer comprising at least one curved reflective surface 53. According to this embodiment, the profile of said at least one curved reflective surface 53 shaped like a plurality of trapezoids. Said second display layer 52 is arranged as an obstructing layer comprising at least one optical filter structure 55, 56, wherein said at least one filter structure 55, 56 is arranged to obstruct incident light of selected angles of incidence and thereby prevent reflection from the first display layer 51. Said curved reflective surface 53 includes a plurality of sub-surfaces 51A-F, each arranged to reflect incident light within a predetermined angular range or at a predetermined angle. According to this embodiment, the curved reflective surface 53 comprises a first partial surface 51B and a second partial surface 51E arranged substantially parallel to the plane corresponding to the display surface. The first and second sub-surfaces are arranged to reflect light incident incident substantially orthogonally towards the display surface 50. The curved reflective surface 53 further comprises a third sub-surface 51A, a fourth sub-surface 51C, a fifth sub-surface 51D and a sixth sub-surface 51F.
Said fourth and sixth sub-surfaces 51C, 51F are arranged to reflect light incident within a predetermined angular range which is offset at a first predetermined angle 61 relative to the orthogonal axis. Said third and fifth sub-surfaces 51A, 51D predetermined angular intervals offset by a second predetermined angle are arranged to reflect light incident within a 62 relative to the orthogonal axis, said first predetermined angle being on the opposite side of the orthogonal axis relative to said second predetermined angle. .
According to one embodiment, the obstructing layer comprises at least a first filter structure 55. Where said at least one first filter structure 55 is arranged as a triangle with an extension along a vertical direction of the display surface, i.e. designed as a triangular prism. According to one embodiment, the obstructing layer comprises at least a second filter structure 56, wherein at least one second filter structure 56 is arranged as a plurality of pins / rods extending along an orthogonal direction of the display surface, the length of said at least one second filter structure 56 is configured to prevent light incident within said a predetermined angular range offset by a first predetermined angle relative to the orthogonal axis and light incident within said a predetermined angular range offset by a second predetermined angle relative to the orthogonal axis. This makes it possible to limit the angular range within which reflection of light incident substantially orthogonally to the display surface takes place.
Fig. 7e schematically illustrates in a plan view parts of the display surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
According to one embodiment, said curved reflective surface 53 is arranged to form a three-dimensional pattern, said three-dimensional pattern comprising a number of columns and a number of rows of truncated pyramids, i.e. a matrix of pyramids in which an upper structure of the pyramids is cut off in a plane parallel to the bottom surface of the pyramid. According to this embodiment, the at least one first filter structure 55 of the obstructing layer 52 is formed as a central pyramid surrounded by truncated pyramids, the tapered directions of propagation of which are opposite to those of the truncated pyramids of the reflecting layer. A center point of the obstructing layer defined by the position of the top of the centrally located pyramid with associated truncated pyramids arranged along the sides of the centrally located pyramid is arranged to be centered over the point of intersection formed between the rows and columns of truncated pyramids of the reflecting layer 53. as illustrated by the dashed arrow in Figure 7e. By arranging the curved reflecting surface 53 and the filter structures 55 as above, gaps are formed from obstruction which are orthogonal to the respective partial surface of said curved reflecting surface 43, whereby direction-dependent reflection is made possible where reflection of the incident light falling within said gaps is possible. According to this embodiment, each sub-surface 51G-51K formed by the front surfaces of the truncated pyramids of the curved reflective layer is arranged to provide at least one pixel each. This enables individually adapted reflection of incident light that falls into five different angles of incidence or five different ranges of angles of incidence.
By providing a direction-dependent display surface 50 according to Figures 7d-e, it is possible to reproduce at least one spectrum such as one or more patterns and colors in different viewing angles relative to an orthogonal axis of the display surface. This also makes it possible to emit different patterns and colors in different viewing angles.
Configuration of the display surface 50 may differ from the configuration described in Figs. 7d-e. Placement and design of filter structures in said obstructing layer can, for example, be configured differently. The number of filter structures can also differ. Said first display layer 51 may be arranged as an emitting layer. The display surface 50 may comprise more or fewer layers.
Furthermore, with one or more interference phenomena together, reflection layers, optical deceleration layers and one or more circularly polarized layers or one or more linearly polarized layers in combination with one or more quartz wave retardation layers can be used to provide directional reflection.
According to one embodiment, the display surface 50 comprises at least one barrier layer, wherein at least one barrier layer is arranged to be thermally and visually permeable and substantially impermeable to moisture and liquid.
By coating the display surface with at least one barrier layer, robustness and durability are improved in terms of external environmental impact.
Fig. 8a schematically illustrates in a plan view a structure of the signature matching device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to Fig. 8a, a frequency selective surface FSS arranged in at least one element / layer of the device is shown.
According to this embodiment, for example, according to Figure 6b, the frequency selective surface FSS is integrated in the first capsule element 510 and the first heat-conducting layer 110.
The frequency-selective surface FSS can e.g. provided by forming a plurality of resonant slit elements such as "patches" arranged on the first housing element 510 and the first heat conducting layer 110 or arranged as continuous structures STR extending through the first housing element 510 and the first heat conducting layer 110, each of the through the structures STR e.g. are shaped like crossed dipoles. Said resonant slit elements are formed in a suitable geometric pattern, for example in a periodic metallic pattern so that suitable electrical properties are achieved. By configuring the shape of said plurality of resonant elements and the geometric pattern formed by said plurality of resonant elements, it is possible for incident radar systems (RF, "radiofrequencies") generated radar systems to be filtered / transmitted through said frequency selective surface, for example the frequency selective surface can be arranged to slip. through radio waves of one or more frequencies, wherein said one or more frequencies are related to frequency ranges, typically associated with radar systems such as radar waves of a frequency in the range 0.1-100 GHz, for example 10-30 GHz.
According to this embodiment, said plurality of resonant elements are formed as continuous structures arranged peripherally from the center of said first thermally conductive elements 110 and said first encapsulation elements 510, so that they do not overlap underlying temperature generating elements 150, thereby thermal conductivity from underlying temperature generating elements 150 to superimposed structures of the surface element not significantly affected. According to this embodiment, the device comprises a radar suppressing element 190 which is also referred to as a radar absorbing element 190. Said radar absorbing element 190 is arranged to absorb incident radio waves generated from radar systems.
According to one embodiment, said plurality of resonant slit elements are formed according to any one of the following alternatives square, rectangular, circular, Jerusalem cross, dipoles, wires, crossed wires, two-period strips or other suitable frequency selective structure.
According to one embodiment, said frequency selective surface FSS is arranged to be combined with at least one layer consisting of electrically controllable conductive polymers, wherein the frequency range or the frequency which the frequency selective surface is arranged to pass through can be regulated by applying a voltage to said at least one so-called of said electrically controllable conductive polymers.
According to examples one or more microelectromechanical system structures (I / IEMS) are integrated in said an alternative embodiment may to frequency selective surface and where said one or more I / lEl / IS structures are arranged to regulate transmittance of said frequency selective surface for radio waves within different frequency ranges.
According to one embodiment, the radar absorbing element 190 has a thickness in the range 0.1-5 mm, for example 0.5-1.5 mm, where the thickness depends, among other things, on application and the desired efficiency.
According to one embodiment, said radar absorbing element is formed by a layer covered by a paint layer comprising iron balls ("lron ball paint"), comprising small spheres covered with carbonyl iron or ferrite. Alternatively, said layer of paint comprises both ferrofluidic and non-magnetic substances. According to one embodiment, said radar absorbing element is formed of a material comprising neoprene polymer layers with ferrite granules or carbon black particles comprising a percentage of crystalline graphite embedded in the polymer matrix formed by said polymer layer. eg be in the range of 20-40% such as 30%.
According to one embodiment, said radar absorbing element is formed of a foam material. For example, said foam material can be formed of urethane foam with "carbon black".
According to one embodiment, said radar absorbing element is formed of a nanomaterial.
Fig. 8b schematically illustrates in a plan view a temperature flows in structure of the signature matching device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 8b, a frequency selective surface FSS arranged in at least one element / layer of the device is shown.
According to this embodiment, for example, according to Figure 6b, the frequency selective surface FSS is integrated in the first housing element 510 and the first heat conducting layer 110. According to this embodiment, the resonant elements are formed in a geometric metallic pattern surrounding 510A or thermoelectric elements 150 are arranged so that a a plurality of gaps released from the engaging surface 110A toward the said at least one said plurality of resonant elements. Said plurality of slots are arranged to run in substantially straight lines in the plane of the first heat-conducting element and the first encapsulation element, said plurality of slots starting from a center point of said attack surface. This enables efficient transport of heat along said plurality of gaps out to the peripheral portions of said first thermally conductive layer 110 and said first encapsulation element 510, where heat transport is illustrated by arrows E. Fig. 9 schematically illustrates in an exploded three-dimensional view reinforcement element of the signature matching device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
According to an embodiment of the device according to the invention, the surface element comprises at least one reinforcing element 180, for example according to Figs. ESa-b, arranged to protect at least one of the surface element and underlying structure against direct action fire, explosion and / or splinters. By providing at least one reinforcing element of surface elements, modular armoring of objects clad with a plurality of surface elements is made possible, where individual forged surface elements can be easily replaced.
According to one embodiment, the reinforcing element 180 is formed of alumina such as e.g. of AL2O3 or similar materiai with good properties in terms of ballistic protection.
According to one embodiment, the reinforcing element 180 has a thickness in the range 4-30 mm, for example 8-20 mm, where the thickness depends, among other things, on application and the desired efficiency.
According to an embodiment of the device according to the invention, the thermally conductive element 160 is formed of a material with good properties regarding thermal conductivity and ballistic protection such as e.g. silicon carbide SiC.
According to one embodiment, at least some of said heat conducting elements 160 and reinforcing elements 180 are formed of nanomaterials.
The reinforcing element 180 and / or the thermally conductive element 160 may be arranged to provide ballistic protection at least according to the protection class defined by NATO standard, 7.62 AP WC ("STANAG Level 3").
According to an embodiment of the device according to the invention, for example according to Fig. 4a or Figs. 6a-b, the surface element comprises at least one electromagnetic protection structure (not shown) arranged to protect against electromagnetic pulses (EMP), which can be generated by weapon systems aimed at to knock out electronic systems. The at least one electromagnetic protection structure can e.g. is formed by a thin layer that absorbs / reflects electromagnetic radiation such as, for example, a thin layer of aluminum foil or other suitable material.
According to an alternative embodiment, one or more substructures are arranged to provide a Faraday cage which encapsulates at least the control circuit.
According to an alternative embodiment, the surface element is arranged to provide a Faraday cage and at least one thin layer is arranged to absorb / reflect electromagnetic radiation.
According to an embodiment of the device according to the invention, the enclosure of the surface element is arranged to be watertight to enable marine application areas where the surface elements are mounted on structures located below and or above the waterline of a marine vessel.
Fig. 10 schematically illustrates a plan view of a module element 500 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
According to this embodiment, the module element 500 is hexagonally designed. This enables simple and general adaptation and assembly when assembling modular systems, for example according to Figs. 12a-c. Furthermore, an even temperature can be generated on the entire hexagonal surface, whereby local temperature differences which may arise in corners of, for example, a square-shaped modular element are avoided.
The module element 500 comprises a control circuit 200 connected to the thermoelectric element 150 and the at least one display surface 50, the thermoelectric element 150 being arranged to generate a predetermined temperature gradient to a portion of the first thermally conductive layer 110 of the module element 500 according to Fig. 5a, where it predetermined temperature gradient is provided by means of voltage applied from the control circuit 49 to the thermoelectric element 150 where the voltage is based on temperature data or temperature information from the control circuit 200.
The module element 500 includes an interface 570 for electrically connecting module elements for assembly to a module system. According to one embodiment, the interface comprises a connector 570.
The module element can be dimensioned as small as an area of about 5 cm 2, where the size of the module element is limited by the control circuit.
Fig. 11 schematically illustrates a device V1 for signature matching according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The device comprises a control circuit 200 or control unit 200 and a surface element 500, for example according to Figs. 6a, 6b, the control circuit being connected to the surface element 500. The device further comprises at least one display surface 50 and a thermoelectric element 150. The at least one display surface 50 is arranged to receive voltage / current from the control circuit 200, where the display surface 150 in accordance with the above is configured so that when a voltage is connected, emitting at least one spectrum from one side of the display surface 50. Said thermoeletric element 150 is arranged to receive voltage from the control circuit 200 where it the thermoelectric element 150 in accordance with the above is configured so that when a voltage is connected, the heat from one side of the thermoelectric element 150 transfers to the other side of the thermoelectric element.
According to this embodiment, the device comprises a temperature sensing means 210 arranged to sense the current temperature of the surface element 500. According to an embodiment as shown in, for example, Fig. 6a, the temperature sensing means 210 is arranged on or adjacent to the outer surface of the thermoelectric element 150 so that the temperature sensed is the surface temperature of the surface element 500. The control circuit 200 comprises a thermal sensing means 610 arranged to sense temperature as background temperature. The control circuit 200 further comprises a software unit 620 arranged to receive and process temperature data from the thermal sensing means 610. Accordingly, the thermal sensing means 610 is connected to the software unit 620t via a link 602, the software unit 620 being arranged to receive a signal representing background data.
The control circuit 200 comprises a visual sensing means 615 arranged to sense visual structure such as one or more visual structures describing objects in an environment of the device. Said software unit 620 is arranged to receive and process visual structure data from the visual sensing means 615, for example arranged to receive and process visual structure data comprising one or more images / image sequences. Accordingly, the visual sensing means 615 is connected to the software unit 620 via a link 599, the software unit 620 being arranged to receive a signal representing background temperature data.
The software unit 620 is further arranged to receive instructions from a user interface 630 with which it is arranged to communicate.
The software unit 620 is connected to the user interface 630 via link 603. The software unit 620 is arranged to receive via the link 603 a signal from the user interface 630 representing instruction data, i.e. 620 temperature data from the thermal sensing means 610 and visual information how the software unit is to software process structure data from the visual sensing means 615. The user interface 630 may, for example, when the device is mounted on, for example, a military vehicle and intended for thermal and visual camouflage and / or visual pattern of said vehicle be configured so that an operator, based on the assessed threat direction, can choose to focus available force in the device in order to reach the best possible signature against the background. This is illustrated in more detail in connection with Fig. 14. According to the analog / digital control circuit 200, a link 604 with this embodiment further comprises transducers 640 connected via a software unit 620. The software unit 620 is arranged to receive via the link 604 a signal representing information packets from the software unit 620 and the user interface arranged to convert information packets, i.e. from 630 communicated information and processed temperature data. The user interface 630 is arranged to determine, based on the direction or threat direction chosen, which camera / video camera / IR camera / sensor is to supply information to the software unit 620. According to one embodiment, all this analog information is converted in the analog / digital converter 640. to binary digital information via standard A / D converters which are small integrated circuits. As a result, no cables are required. According to an embodiment described in connection with Figs. 12a-c, the digital information is arranged to be superimposed on a current-supplying framework of the vehicle.
The control circuit 200 further comprises a digital information receiver 650 connected to the digital / analog converter 640 via a link 605. From the software unit 620 information is sent analogously to the digital / analog converter 640 where information about which temperature (setpoint) each surface element should have is registered. All this is digitized in the digital / analog converter 640 and is sent according to standard design as a digital sequence containing unique digital identities for each surface element 500 with associated information about setpoint etc. This sequence is read by the digital information receiver 650 and only the identity that matches what is pre-programmed in the digital information receiver 650 is read. In each surface element 500, a digital information receiver 650 with a unique identity is arranged. When the digital information receiver 650 senses that there is a digital sequence with the correct digital identity, it is arranged to register the associated information and the remaining digital information is not registered. This process takes place in each digital information receiver 650 and unique information for each surface element 500 is obtained. This technology is referred to as CAN technology. further includes a temperature control circuit 600 link 605 with 640.
The temperature control circuit 600 is arranged to receive via the link 605 a control signal 200 connected via an analog / digital converter digital signal in the form of digital trains representing temperature data.
The temperature sensing means 210 is connected to the temperature control circuit via a feedback link 205, the temperature control circuit 600 being arranged to receive via the link 205 a signal representing temperature data sensed by the temperature sensing means 210.
The temperature control circuit 600 is connected to the thermoelectric links 203, 204 for connecting voltage to 150. 600 is arranged to compare temperature data from the temperature sensing means 210 element 150 via the thermoelectric element temperature control circuit with temperature data from the thermal sensing means 610, the temperature control circuit applying a voltage across the thermoelectric element 150 corresponding to the difference in temperature so that the temperature of the surface of the surface element 500 is adapted to the background temperature. Accordingly, the temperature sensed by the temperature sensing means 210 is arranged to be compared from the thermal with continuous temperature information sensing means 610 of the control circuit 200.
According to this embodiment, the temperature control circuit 600 comprises the 650, an information receiver 650 via a link 606 connected to the so-called PID circuit, the digital information receiver connected to the digital 660, and a controller 670 connected via a link 607 to the PID circuit. In the link 606, a signal representing specific digital information so that each surface element 500 can be regulated so that the setpoint and actual value match is arranged to be sent. The controller 670 is then connected to the thermoelectric element 150 via the links 203, 204. The temperature sensing means 210 is connected to the PID circuit 660 via the link 205, the PID circuit being arranged to receive via the link 205 the temperature representing temperature data sensed by the temperature sensing means 210. The controller 670 is arranged to receive via the link 607 a signal from the PID circuit 660 representing decreasing current supply / voltage to the information to increase or the thermoelectric element 150.
The control circuit 200 further comprises a digital information receiver 655 connected to the digital / analog converter 640 via a link 598. From the software unit 620 information is sent analogously to the digital / analog converter 640 where information about which visual structure each surface element should have is registered. All of this is digitized in the digital / analog converter 640 and sent according to standard design as a digital sequence containing unique digital identities for each surface element 500. This sequence is read by the digital information receiver 655 and only the identity that matches what is pre-programmed in the digital the information receiver 655 is read. In each surface element 500, a digital information receiver 655 with a unique identity is arranged. When the digital information receiver 655 senses that there is a digital sequence with the correct digital identity, it is arranged to register the associated information and the remaining digital information is not registered. This process takes place in each digital information receiver 655 and unique information for each surface element 500 is obtained. This technology is referred to as CAN technology.
The control circuit 200 further comprises an image control circuit 601 connected via a link 598 to the analog-to-digital converter 640. The image control circuit 601 is arranged to receive via the link 598 a digital signal in the form of digital trains representing visual structure data such as data representing one or more images / image sequences. The image control circuit 601 is connected to the display surface 50 via links 221, 222 for connecting voltage to the display surface 50. The image control circuit 601 is arranged to receive visual structure data from said visual sensing means and store said visual structure data in at least one memory buffer buffer. 601 is arranged to continuously read said memory buffer at a predetermined time interval and to send at least one signal / current to / apply at least one voltage across the display surface 50 corresponding to the desired light intensity / reflection property of each of the sub-elements S1-S4 of each pixel P1-P4. so that output at least one spectrum of the surface of the surface element 500 is adapted to the visual background structure described by said visual structure data.
The image control circuit 601 according to this embodiment comprises the digital information receiver 655, an image controller 665 connected to the digital information receiver 655 via a link 625, and an image controller 675 connected via a link 626 to the image controller 665. The image controller 665 comprises at least one data processing means and. 665 is the information receiver 655 and stores this data in a memory buffer of includes the Image Controller arranged to receive data the digital said memory unit. The image control unit is further arranged to process data stored in said memory buffer, for example by applying a look-up table (LUT, Look-Up-Table) or other suitable algorithm which maps data stored in the memory buffer to individual pixels P1- at a predetermined frequency or at a predetermined time interval. P4 and / or sub-elements S1-S4 of the display surface 50 of the surface element 500. In the link 625 is a signal representing specific digital information so that the display surface 50 of surface elements 500 can be regulated so as to output at least one spectrum from the display surface 50 and recorded data from the digital the information recipient agrees arranged to be sent. In link 626, a signal representing specific digital information is to be controlled so that the respective pixel P1-P4 and / or sub-elements S1-S4 of the display surface 50 of surface elements 500 can be regulated so that at least one spectrum is emitted from the display surface 50 and data from the digital information receiver agrees arranged to be sent.
The image controller 675 is then connected to the display surface 50 via the links 221, 222. The image controller 675 is arranged to receive via the link 626 a signal from the image control unit 655 representing information to increase or decrease current supply / voltage to the respective car points P1 -P4 and / or subelements S1- S4 of the display surface 50. The image controller 675 is further arranged to send one or more signals to the display surface 50 via the links 221, 222 depending on the received signal from the image control unit 655. The one or more signals arranged to be sent to the display surface 50 from the image controller may comprise a following signals: pulse modulated signals, or several of pulse amplitude modulated signals, pulse width modulated signals, pulse code modulated signals, pulse shift modulated signals, analog signals (current, voltage), combinations and / or modulations of said one or more signals.
The thermoelectric element 150 is configured so that when the voltage is connected, the heat from one side of the thermoelectric element 150 transfers to the other side of the thermoelectric element 150. When the temperature is compared with temperature information from the thermal sensing means sensed by the temperature sensing means. 150 differs from the temperature information of the thermal sensing means, the voltage of the thermoelectric element 150 is arranged to be regulated so that the setpoint and setpoints correspond, the temperature of the surface of the surface element 500 being adjusted accordingly by the thermoelectric element accordingly.
According to one embodiment, the thermal sensing means 150 comprises at least one temperature sensor such as a thermometer arranged to measure the ambient temperature. According to another embodiment, the thermal sensing means 150 comprises at least one IR sensor arranged to measure the apparent temperature of the background, i.e. arranged to measure an average of the background temperature. According to yet another embodiment, the thermal sensing means 150 comprises at least one IR camera arranged to read the thermal structure of the background.
These different variants of thermal sensing means are described in more detail in connection with Figs. 12a-c.
According to one embodiment, said temperature control circuit 600 is arranged to send values to temperature information about is and / or should 620. According to software unit 620 arranged to process received set and / or actual values, the software unit this embodiment is said together with characteristic descriptive temperature control response times to provide temperature compensation information. . There, said temperature compensation information is sent to the image control circuit 601 which is arranged to provide, based on said temperature compensation information, causing at least one display surface 50 to emit at least one wavelength component falling within the infrared spectrum in addition to providing at least one spectrum corresponding to the background structure. This makes it possible to improve the response time to achieve thermal adaptation. 200 a laser rangefinder According to one embodiment, the control circuit comprises distance detecting means (not shown) such as a ("Laser Range Finder") arranged to measure distance and angle to one or more objects in the vicinity of the device. Said software unit 620 is arranged to receive and process distance data and angular data from the distance detecting means. Accordingly, the distance detecting means is connected to the software unit 620 via a link (not shown), the software unit 620 being arranged to receive a signal representing distance data and angular data. The software unit 620 is arranged to process temperature data and visual structure data by relating temperature data and visual structure data to distance data and angle data 57 as relating distance and angle to objects in the background. Said software unit 620 is further arranged to apply at least one transform as a perspective transform based on said temperature data and visual structure data with associated related distance and angle in data describing properties of said combination with temperature sensing means and said visual sensing means.
This enables projections of at least one selected object / structure of temperature and / or visual structure data with modified perspective and / or distance. This can be used, for example, to generate a false signature as described in Figure 14 so that reproduction of the object desired to be imitated can be modified so that distance to the object and perspective relative to the distance and perspective of the object changing temperature sensing means and / or visual sensing means.
According to this embodiment, the user interface 630 may be arranged to provide an interface which enables an operator to select at least one object / structure which it is desired to reproduce visually and / or thermally. To enable modifications in perspective, the software unit 620 may further be arranged to record and process data describing distances and angles to objects / structures over a period of time, during which said device or objects / structures are positioned so that at least mutually different views of said objects / structures are perceived by and / or said visual said temperature sensing means sensing means. In those cases where surface elements 500 comprise a radar absorbing element, for example according to Figures 8a-b, the control circuit according to an embodiment is arranged to communicate wirelessly. By providing at least one wireless transmitter and receiver unit and utilizing at least one resonant slot element STR of the frequency-selective surface structure as antenna, wireless communication is made possible. According to this embodiment, the control circuit can be arranged to communicate in a short-wave frequency range such as e.g. on a 30 GHz 10 15 20 25 58 band. This makes it possible to reduce the number of links associated with communication of data / signals in said control circuit and or the support structure / framework as described in, for example, Figure 12g.
Configuration of the control circuit may differ from the configuration described in Fig. 11. The control circuit may, for example, comprise more or fewer subcomponents / links. Furthermore, one or more parts may be arranged outside the control circuit 200 such as e.g. arranged externally in a central configuration where e.g. the user interface 630, the software unit 620 the digital / analog converter 640, the temperature sensing means 610 and the visual sensing means 615 are arranged to provide data and process data for at least one surface element 500 comprising a local control circuit, comprising said temperature control circuit 600 and said communication circuit configured dlgital / analog converters.
Fig. 12a schematically illustrates parts VII-a of a module system 700 comprising surface elements 500 or module elements 500 for recreating thermal background or the like; Fig. 12b schematically illustrates an enlarged portion VIII-b of the modular system of Fig. 12a; and Fig. 12c schematically illustrates an enlarged portion VIII-c of the portion of Fig. 12b.
The individual temperature control and / or visual control is arranged to take place in each module element 500 individually by a control circuit, for example the control circuit in Fig. 11, arranged in each module element 500. Each module element 500 is according to an embodiment of the module element described in Figs. 6a-b .
According to this embodiment, the respective module elements 500 have a hexagonal shape. In Figs. 12a-b, the module elements 500 are illustrated in a checkered pattern. According to this embodiment, the lead module system 700 comprises a framework 710 arranged to receive the respective module elements. According to this embodiment, the framework has a honeycomb configuration, ie. is composed of a number of 59 hexagonal frames 712 where the respective hexagonal frame 712 is arranged to receive a respective module element 500.
According to this embodiment, the framework 710 is arranged to supply current.
The respective hexagonal frame 712 is provided with an interface 720 comprising a connector 720 with which the module element 500 is arranged electrical contact. background temperature sensed by the thermal sensing means as brought into Digital information representing, for example, Fig. 11 is arranged to be superimposed on the framework 710. Because the framework itself is arranged to supply current, the number of cables can be reduced in the framework, power will be supplied to each module element 500 but at the same time also, superimposed with the current, a digital sequence containing unique information for each module element 500. In this way, no cables will be needed beyond the framework.
The framework is dimensioned for height and area to receive module elements 500.
A digital information receiver of the respective module elements as described in connection with Fig. 11 is then arranged to receive the digital information, a temperature control circuit and an image control circuit according to Fig. 11 being arranged to control as described in connection with Fig. 11.
According to one embodiment, the device is arranged on a vehicle such as a military vehicle. The framework 710 is then arranged to be attached to, for example, the vehicle, the framework 710 being arranged to deliver both current and digital signals. By arranging the frame 710 on the hull of the vehicle, the frame 710 simultaneously provides attachment to the hull of the vehicle / vehicle, i.e. the framework 710 is arranged to support the modular system 700. By using modular element 500, the advantage is obtained, among other things, that if a modular element 500 should fail for some reason, only the failed modular element 500 needs to be replaced. Furthermore, module elements 500 enable customization depending on the application. A module element 500 may fail due to electrical faults such as short circuits, external influences and due to damage to splinters and other ammunition.
Electronics of the respective module elements 500 so that induction of electrical signals in to the respective module elements is preferably encapsulated in exemplary antennas is minimized.
The hull of, for example, the vehicle is arranged to function as a ground plane 730, while the frame 710, preferably the upper part of the frame, is arranged to form a phase. In Figs. 12b-c, l is the current in the framework, Ti is a digital information which contains temperatures and visual structures to module element number i. D is deviation, ie. a digital signal that tells how big a difference there is between the setpoint and actual value of temperatures for each module element.
This information is sent in the opposite direction because this information should be displayed in the user interface 630 according to, for example, Figure 11 so that the user knows how good the temperature adjustment of the system is at the moment.
A temperature sensing means 210 according to, for example, Fig. 11 is arranged in 150 of module element 500 to sense the surface temperature of that module element 500. connection to the thermoelectric element and the surface temperature are then arranged to be continuously compared with background temperature sensed by the thermal sensing means as described above in connection with Figs. 10 and Fig. 11. As these differ, means, such as a temperature control circuit described in connection with Fig. 11, are arranged to regulate the voltage to the thermoelectric element of the module element so that actual and setpoint values correspond. How signature-efficient the system is, ie. how good thermal adaptation can be achieved depends on which thermal sensing means, ie. which temperature reference is used - temperature sensor, IR sensor or IR camera.
In that the thermal sensing means according to an embodiment consists of at least one temperature sensor such as a thermometer arranged to measure the ambient temperature 61, a less accurate representation of the background temperature is given, but a temperature sensor has the advantage that it is cost-effective. When applied with a vehicle or the like, a temperature sensor is preferably arranged in the air intake of the vehicle in order to minimize the influence of heated areas of the vehicle.
In that the thermal sensing means according to an embodiment consists of at least one IR sensor arranged to measure the apparent temperature by measuring an average value of the background, i.e. provided that the background temperature is obtained a more accurate value of the background temperature. IR sensor is preferably placed on all sides of a vehicle to cover different threat directions.
In that the thermal sensing means according to an embodiment consists of at least one IR camera arranged to read the thermal structure of perfectly achieved where a background temperature variations can be reproduced on the background, an almost adaptation to the background can be for example a vehicle. Here, a module element 500 will correspond to the temperature of the collection of pixels occupied by the background at the current distance. These IR camera pixels are arranged to be grouped so that the resolution of the IR camera corresponds to the resolution that the resolution of the modular system can reproduce, ie. that each module element corresponds to one pixel. This gives a very good representation of the background temperature so that, for example, solar heating, snow spots, water accumulations, different emission properties, etc. of the background, which often have a different temperature than the air, can be represented correctly. This effectively counteracts that clear contours and large evenly warm surfaces are created so that a very good thermal camouflage of the vehicle is possible and that temperature variations on small surfaces can be reproduced.
In that the visual sensing means according to one embodiment consists of at least one camera such as a video camera arranged to read the visual structure (color, pattern) of the background, an almost perfect adaptation to the background can be achieved where a visual structure of a background can be achieved. reproduced on, for example, a vehicle. Here, a module element 500 will correspond to the visual structure of the collection of pixels occupied by the background at the current distance. These camcorder pixels are arranged to be grouped so that the resolution of the camcorder corresponds to the resolution that the resolution of the modular system can represent, i.e. that each module element corresponds to a number of pixels (pixels) defined by the number of pixels found in the display surface of the respective module elements. This results in a very good reproduction of the background structure so that, for example, even relatively small visual structures occupied by the camcorder are reproduced correctly. One or more camcorders are preferably placed on one or more sides of a vehicle to cover reproduction seen from several different threat directions. In cases where the display surface is configured to be direction dependent, for example according to Figure 7d-e, the visual structure read by the visual sensing means at different angles can be used to individually regulate pixels adapted for image reproduction at different viewing angles so that they represent the visual structure corresponding against the direction in which it is read by the visual sensing means.
Fig. 12d schematically illustrates a plan view of a modular system VIII or a part of a modular system VIII comprising surface elements for signature adaptation according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 12e schematically illustrates a side view of the modular system VII in fig. 12d.
The modular system VI1 according to this embodiment differs from module elements 700 according to the embodiment illustrated in Fig. “IZa-c in that the support structure is provided by a framework 710, instead provided by a support structure 750 consisting of one or more support elements 750 or support plates 750 arranged to support interconnected module element 500.
The support structure can thereby be formed by a support element 750 as illustrated in Figs. 7d-e, or a plurality of interconnected support elements 750. 63 The support element consists of some material which meets thermal requirements and requirements related to robustness and strength. According to an embodiment, the support element 750 consists of aluminum, which gives the advantages that it becomes light, robust and strong. Alternatively, the support element 750 is made of steel, which is also robust and strong.
The support element 750 formed in a plate configuration has according to this embodiment a substantially flat surface and a square shape.
The support element 750 can alternatively be formed into another suitable shape such as e.g. rectangular shape, hexagonal shape, etc.
According to one embodiment, the support element 750 has a thickness in the range 5-30 mm, for example 10-20 mm.
Interconnected module elements 500 comprising temperature generating elements 150 and display surface 50 as described above are arranged on the support element 750. The support element 750 is arranged to provide power supply. The support element 750 comprises links 761, 762, 771, 772, 773, 774 for communication to and from each individual module element, said links being integrated in the support element 750.
According to this embodiment, the module system comprises a support member 750 and seven interconnected hexagonal module members 500 arranged on top of the support member 750 so that a left column of two module members 500, an intermediate column of three module members 500 and a right column of two module members 500 are formed. A hexagonal module element is thus arranged centrally and the other six module elements are arranged around the centrally arranged module element on the support element 750.
According to this embodiment, links for power supply and communication signals are separated and not superimposed, resulting in the available bandwidth for the communication speed being accelerated. This simplifies changes in communication, thereby increasing signature by increasing the bandwidth of the signal speed of the communication signals. This also improves thermal and visual adaptation during movement.
By separating power supply and communication signals, interconnection of a large number of module elements 500 is simplified without affecting the communication speed. Each support element 750 comprises a plurality of links 771, 772, 773, 774 for digital and / or analog signals in combination with two or more links 761, 762 for power supply.
According to this embodiment, said integrated links comprise a first link 761 and a second link 762 for supplying power to each column of module elements 500. said integrated links further comprising a third link 771, the module elements 500, wherein said signals are digital and / or analog, and and fourth 772 for information / communication signals to a fourth ooh fifth link 773, 774 for information / diagnostic signals from the module elements 500, wherein said signals are digital ooh / or analog.
By providing two links, the third and fourth links 771, 772, to provide information signals to the module elements 500 and two links, the fifth and sixth links 773, 774, to provide information signals from the module elements 500, the communication speed becomes substantially unlimited, i.e. communication to and from the module elements can take place instantaneously.
Fig. 12f schematically illustrates a plan view of a modular system VIII or a part of a modular system VIII comprising surface elements for signature adaptation according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 12g schematically illustrates an exploded three-dimensional view of the modular system VIII in fig. 12f.
The modular system VIII according to this embodiment differs from module elements 750 according to the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 12d-e in that the support structure provided by a support structure 750 is instead provided by a support structure 755 which consists of one or more support elements 755 or support plates 755, where Each support element comprises two electrically conductive planes arranged to provide power supply to interconnected module elements 500.
According to this embodiment, the support element 755 comprises two joined electrically conductive planes 751-752, said two electrically conductive planes being electrically insulated from each other. The two electrically conductive planes 751-752 are arranged to provide power supply to said module element 500.
A first 751 of said two electrically insulated planes is arranged to be coated with a negative voltage and a second 752 of said electrically insulated planes is arranged to be coated with a positive voltage, whereby power supply to module elements 500 connected to the support element 755 is enabled without using links dedicated for electricity supply. The support element 755 can thus be constructed with a reduced number of links and it also becomes more robust because the power supply is not dependent on individual links.
According to this embodiment, the module system comprises a support member 755 and eighteen attachment points for interconnected hexagonal module members 500 arranged on top of the support member 755 so that a left column of five module members 500, two intermediate columns comprising four and five module members 500 and a right column comprising five module members 500 are formed.
By coating each of the two electrical planes 751-752 with a layer or a surface coating such as e.g. an electrically insulating paint is provided that the two electrically conductive planes 751-752 are mutually insulated.
The support element 755 comprises a plurality of integrated links 780, each integrated link comprising a plurality of information / diagnostic type links to module elements 500. Each of said plurality of links is arranged to provide communication signals of digital / analog and from connected communication to and from a column of module elements 500. Said plurality of integrated links 780 may be formed of thin film, said thin film being arranged at the support element 755.
The support member 755 comprises a plurality of recesses 781-785 arranged to provide attachment points and electrical contact surfaces for connected module elements 500. At least one of said recesses is arranged to connect connectors of module elements 500 to said first and second electrically conductive planes.
The support element 755 comprises a plurality of recesses and / or continuous apertures 790 arranged to receive at least a substructure of connected 500. 755 through holes according to Fig. 12g arranged to receive heat-conducting elements 160, modular elements The support element comprises for example according to Figs. 4a or 5a-b of hexagon. shape to enable heat conduction to underlying structures and to reduce the thickness of the mod ul system.
According to one embodiment, the support element 755 has a thickness in the range 1-30 mm, for example 2-10 mm. According to one embodiment, each of the joined electrically charged planes 751-752 has a thickness in the range 1-5 mm, for example 1 mm.
According to one embodiment, the support element 755 comprises an underlying heat-conducting element (not shown), arranged on the underside of the support element 755. This enables a configuration of a module element 500 without the second heat-conducting layer 120, the function of which is taken over by said underlying heat-conducting element. By providing the underlying heat conducting element arranged at the support element 755, the thermal conductivity is improved since a larger thermal conductive surface, i.e. a surface corresponding to the dimension of the support element 755 is made available for the respective module elements.
Support elements for example according to Fig. 12d or Fig. 12f can be connected to other support elements of these types, where the support elements are connected via connection points (not shown), for example via connection points according to Fig. 11a, for electrical connection of the support elements via the links . Whereby the number of connection points is minimized. 1 / solder element 500 is connected to support elements, for example according to Fig. 12d or Fig. 12f, by using a suitable connection.
Interconnected support elements, for example according to Fig. 12d or Fig. 12f, forming a support structure are intended to be arranged on a structure of a vehicle such as e.g. a vehicle, a ship or the like.
Fig. 13 schematically illustrates an object 800 such as a vehicle 800 exposed to threats in a threatening direction, where the visual and thermal structure of the background 810 812 is recreated by means of a device according to the present invention on the side of the vehicle facing the threatening direction. According to one embodiment, the device comprises the modular system according to Figs. 12a-c, where the modular system is arranged on the vehicle 800.
The estimated direction of threat is illustrated by the arrow C. The object 800, for example a vehicle 800, constitutes a target. The threat may, for example, consist of a thermal / visual / radar reconnaissance and surveillance system, a heat-seeking robot or the like, arranged to lock on to the target.
Seen in the threatening direction, there is a thermal and / or visual background 810 in the extension of the threatening direction C. The part 814 of this thermal and / or visual background 810 of the vehicle 100 seen from the threat is arranged to be copied by means of thermal sensing means 610 and / or visual sensing means 615 according to the invention so that a copy 814 'of that part of the thermal and / or the visual background, according to a variant the thermal and / or visual structure 814 ', is seen by the threat. As described in connection with Fig. 11, the thermal sensing means 610 according to a variant comprises an IR camera, according to a variant an IR sensor and a variant a temperature sensor, where the IR camera gives the best thermal representation of the background. As described in connection with Fig. 11, the visual sensing means 615 according to a variant comprises a video camera.
The thermal and / or visual background 814 'sensed / copied by the thermal sensing means 814', the thermal and / or visual structure 814 'of the background is arranged by the device according to the invention to be interactively recreated on the side 820 of the target, here the vehicle 800, so that the threat the vehicle 800 thermally and / or visually blends into the background.
This significantly complicates the possibility of detection and identification from threats, for example in the form of binoculars / image intensifiers / cameras / IR cameras or for a heat-seeking robot to lock on the target / vehicle 800 because it thermally and visually blends into the background.
As the vehicle moves, the copied thermal structure 814 'of the background will be continuously adapted to changes in the thermal background due to the combination of thermally conductive layers with anisotropic thermal conductivity, insulating layer, thermoelectric element and continuously recorded difference between thermal sensing means for sensing thermal background and temperature sensing. according to any one of the embodiments of the device according to the present invention.
As the vehicle moves, the copied visual structure 814 'of the background will be continuously adapted to changes in the visual structure of the background due to the combination of display surface and visual structure according to any of the sensing means for recording the visual embodiments of the device of the present invention.
The device according to the present invention consequently enables automatic thermal and visual adaptation and lower contrasts against temperature varying and visual backgrounds, which complicates detection, identification and recognition and reduces threats from potential target seekers or the like. The device according to the present invention enables a small radar target area (RCS) of a vehicle, i.e. an adaptation of radar signature by utilizing frequency selective and radar suppression functionality. The adaptation mentioned there can be maintained both when a vehicle is stationary and in motion.
The device according to the present invention enables a low signature of a vehicle, i.e. low contrast, so that the contours of the vehicle, location of exhaust, location and size of cooling air exhaust, belt rack or wheels, cannon, etc., ie. a vehicle signature by means of the device according to the present invention can be minimally and visually minimized so that a lower thermal and visual signature is given against a certain background.
The device according to the present invention with modular system according to, for example, Figs. 12a-c offers an effective layer of thermal insulation, which reduces power consumption of, for example, AC systems with lower influence of solar heating, i.e. when the device is not active, the modular system provides good thermal insulation against solar heating of the vehicle and then improves the internal climate.
Fig. 14 schematically illustrates different potential threat directions for an object 800 such as a vehicle 800 equipped with a device according to an embodiment of the invention for recreating the thermal and visual structure of the desired background.
According to an embodiment of the device according to the invention, the device comprises means for selecting different directions of threat. According to one embodiment, the means comprises a user interface, for example as described in connection with Fig. 11. Depending on the expected threat direction, the IR signature and the visual signature will have to be adapted to different backgrounds. The user interface 630 in figure 11 and according to an embodiment graphically constitutes a way for the user to be able to easily choose from the assessed threat direction which part of the vehicle must be active in order to keep a low signature against the background. In the user interface, the operator can choose to focus the available power of the device to achieve the best possible thermal / visual structure / signature, which may be required, for example, when the background is complicated and requires a lot of power of the device for optimal thermal and visual adaptation.
Fig. 14 shows different threatening directions for the object 800 / the vehicle 800, where the threatening directions are illustrated by the object / vehicle being drawn in a hemisphere divided into sections. The threat may consist of, for example, threats from above, such as from a target-seeking robot 920, helicopter 930, or the like, or from the ground, such as from a soldier 940, tank 950 or the like. If the threat comes from above, the temperature of the vehicle and the visual structure should coincide with the ground temperature and visual structure, while it should be adapted to the background behind the vehicle if the threat comes straight from the front at horizontal level.
According to a variant of the invention, a number of threat sectors 910a-f, for example twelve threat sectors, of which six 910a-f are referred to in Fig. 14 and a further six are opposite to the hemisphere, are defined, which can be selected by means of the interface.
The device according to the present invention has been described above where the device is used for adaptive thermal and visual camouflage so that, for example, a vehicle in motion continuously by means of the device according to the invention quickly adapts thermally and visually to the background, where the thermal structure of the background is copied by a thermal sensing means such as a IR camera or an IR sensor and where that background is copied by means of a visual visual structure of sensing means such as a camera / video camera.
The device according to the present invention can advantageously be used to generate direction-dependent visual structure, for example by utilizing a display surface according to Figs. 7d-e, i.e. utilizing a display surface capable of generating a reproduction of the visual structure of the background that is representative of the background seen from viewing angles that fall outside a viewing angle that is substantially orthogonal to the respective display surface of the module elements. For example, the device may display a first visual structure representative of the background seen from a viewing angle formed between a position of the helicopter 930 and a position of the vehicle 800 and a second visual structure representative of the background seen from a viewing angle formed between a position in a soldier 940 or a tank and a position of the vehicle 950. This makes it possible to more realistically recreate background structures from correct perspectives seen from different viewing angles.
The device of the present invention can be advantageously used to generate specific thermal and / or visual patterns. This is achieved according to a variant by regulating the respective thermoelectric element and / or at least one display surface of a modular system constructed illustrated in Figs. 12a-c so that module elements, for example as the module elements, obtain the desired temperature and / or desired spectrum, e.g. / or spectrum, whereby any desired thermal and / or visual pattern can be achieved.
In this way, for example, a pattern that can only be recognized by those who know what it looks like so that in, for example, a war situation, identification of own vehicles or the like is made possible while the enemy cannot identify the vehicle. Alternatively, a pattern that everyone recognizes, such as a cross for everyone to be able to identify an ambulance vehicle in the dark, can be achieved by means of the device according to the invention. Said specific pattern may, for example, consist of a unique fractal pattern. Said specific pattern pattern desired to be generated in can further be superimposed in it as a signature adaptation purpose so that said specific pattern only becomes visible with units of own which are provided with sensor means / decoding means. Thus, using the device of the present invention to generate specific patterns effectively enables identification-friend-or-Foe system functionality. information related to stored in storage units said specific patterns can for example be associated with firing units of own squad so that sensor means / decoding means of said firing units perceive and decode / identify objects coated with said specific pattern and thus allowed to generate information that prevents firing.
According to a further variant, the device according to the present invention can be used to generate a false signature of other vehicles for instance infiltrating the enemy. This is achieved by regulating the respective thermoelectric element and / or at least one display surface of a modular system built up of modular elements, for example as illustrated in Figs. 12a-c so as to reproduce in a vehicle the correct contours, visual structures, evenly heated surfaces, cooling air blowers or other typical hot areas that are unique to the vehicle in question. This requires information about this appearance.
According to a further variant, the device according to the present invention can be used for remote communication. This is accomplished by associating said specific pattern with specific information that can be decoded by access to a decoding table / decoding means. This enables "silent" communication of information between units where radio waves that can be perceived by enemy units do not need to be used for communication.
For example, status information related to one or more of the following quantities fuel supply, position of own troop, position of enemy troop, ammunition supply, etc. can be communicated.
Furthermore, thermal patterns in the form of, for example, a collection of stones, grass and stone, different types of forest, urban environment (angular and straight transitions) could be achieved by means of the device according to the invention, which patterns could resemble patterns found in the visible area. Such thermal patterns are independent of threat direction and are relatively inexpensive and easy to integrate. For the above-mentioned generation of specific thermal patterns, according to a variant, no thermal sensing means and / or visual sensing means are required, but it is sufficient to regulate the thermoelectric elements and / or said display surfaces, ie. apply voltage corresponding to the desired temperature / spectrum for the desired thermal / visual pattern of each module element.
There are a number of application areas for a device according to the present invention by, for example, utilizing the effective signature fitting that is made possible. For example, the device according to the present invention can be advantageously used for, for example, garments such as e.g. safety vests or uniforms where a device according to the invention could effectively hide the heat and visual structure generated by a human body, where power supply is advantageously provided by a battery and where desired thermal and / or visual camouflage takes place depending on data from a database descriptive object / environments and / or data from one or more sensors (lR, camera) such as. helmet cameras.
Figure 15a schematically illustrates a flow chart of a method of signature matching according to an embodiment of the invention. The method comprises a first method step s99. The step s99 comprises the steps of: - providing a determined thermal distribution to a surface element 100, 300, 500 based on generating at least a predetermined temperature gradient with a temperature generating element 150, 450a, 450b, 450c to a portion of a surface element 100, 300, 500 emitting at least a predetermined spectrum from at least one display surface 50 arranged on said surface elements 100, 300, 500. After step s99, the process is terminated.
Figure 15b schematically illustrates a flow chart of a method of signature matching, according to an embodiment of the invention. The method comprises a first method step s100. The method step s100 includes the step of providing a determined thermal distribution to a surface element 100, 300, 500 based on generating at least a predetermined temperature gradient with a temperature generating element 150, 450a, 450b, 450c to a portion of a surface element 100, 300, 500. the process step s100 performs a subsequent process step s110.
The method step S110 comprises the step of outputting at least a predetermined spectrum from at least one display surface 50 arranged on said surface elements 100, 300, 500. The post-method step s110 terminates the method.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention has been provided for illustrative and descriptive purposes. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the variations described. Obviously, many modifications and variations will occur to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were selected and described to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments and with the various modifications appropriate to the intended use.

权利要求:
Claims (22)
[1]
A signature matching device, comprising at least one surface element (100; 300; 500) arranged to assume a definite thermal distribution, said surface element comprising at least one temperature generating element (150; 450a, 450b, 4500) arranged to generate at least one predetermined temperature gradient to a portion of said at least one surface element, the device being characterized in that said at least one surface element (100; 300; 500) comprises at least one display surface (50), said display surface (50) being arranged to emit at least a predetermined spectrum.
[2]
The device of claim 1, wherein said at least one display surface (50) is thermally permeable.
[3]
Device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one display surface (50) is arranged to allow said at least one predetermined temperature gradient to be maintained in said at least one surface element.
[4]
Device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said display surface (50) consists of thin film.
[5]
Device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one display surface (50) is of the emitting type.
[6]
Device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one display surface (50) is of a reflective type.
[7]
A device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one display surface (50) is arranged to emit at least one predetermined spectrum containing at least one component within the visual range and at least one component within the infrared range.
[8]
Device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one display surface (50) is arranged to emit at least one predetermined spectrum in a plurality of predetermined directions, said at least one predetermined spectrum being direction dependent.
[9]
An apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein said at least one display surface (50) comprises a plurality of sub-display surfaces (51A-51K), said sub-display surfaces being arranged to emit at least one predetermined spectrum in said at least one (51A-51K) being individually at least a predetermined direction, wherein predetermined direction for each sub-display surface is offset relative to an orthogonal axis of said display surface (50).
[10]
Device according to any one of claims 8-9, wherein the display surface (50) comprises an obstructing layer (52) arranged to obstruct incident light and an underlying curved reflecting layer (51) arranged to reflect incident light.
[11]
An apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the apparatus comprises at least one further element (190; 535, 536) arranged to provide radar suppression.
[12]
Device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the device comprises at least one further element (180) arranged to provide reinforcement.
[13]
A device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the device comprises a framework (710) or support structure (750; 755), wherein providing the framework or support structure is arranged to provide current and control signals / communication.
[14]
A device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the device comprises a first heat-conducting layer (110), a second heat-conducting layer (120), said first and second heat-conducting layers being mutually insulated with intermediate insulating layers (130; 131,132), said at least a thermoelectric element (150; 450a, 450b, 4500) is provided to generate said predetermined temperature gradient to a portion of said first heat conductive layer (110) and wherein said first layer (110) and said second layer (120) has anisotropic heat conduction so that heat conduction takes place mainly in the main extension direction (110, 120).
[15]
The device of claim 14, wherein the device comprises an intermediate thermally conductive element (160) disposed in the insulating layer (130; 131) between the thermoelectric element (150; 450a, 450b, 450c) and the second thermally conductive layer (120), and having an isotropic heat conduction so that heat conduction occurs mainly across the main direction of extension of the second heat conducting layer (120).
[16]
Device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface element (100; 300; 500) has a hexagonal design.
[17]
A device according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a visual sensing means (615) arranged to sense the visual background of the surroundings, for example visual structural background.
[18]
Device according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising an (610) ambient temperature, for example thermal background. thermal sensing means arranged to sense
[19]
Device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface element (100; 300; 500) has a thickness in the range 5-60 mm, preferably 10-25 mm.
[20]
An object (800), for example a vehicle (800), comprising a device according to any one of the preceding claims.
[21]
A signature matching method comprising the step of: providing a determined thermal distribution to a surface element (100; 300; 500) based on generating at least one predetermined temperature gradient with a temperature generating element (150; 450a, 450b, 450c) to a portion of a surface element (100; 300; 500); characterized by the step of: emitting at least one predetermined spectrum from at least one display surface (50) arranged on said surface element (100; 300; 500). 78
[22]
The signature matching method of claim 20, wherein said at least one display surface is (50) thermally permeable.

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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EP2718661A4|2014-11-05|

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AU2012267227A1|2013-11-07|

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KR20140032409A|2014-03-14|

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RU2013154419A|2015-07-20|

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KR101918621B1|2018-11-15|

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EP2718661A1|2014-04-16|

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RU2591094C2|2016-07-10|

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EP2718661B1|2016-12-28|

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BR112013028442B1|2021-03-23|

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CA2834936A1|2012-12-13|

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AU2012267227B2|2016-03-17|

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US20140111364A1|2014-04-24|

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IL228993D0|2013-12-31|

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CN103582800B|2017-03-29|

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SE538960C2|2013-07-09|2017-03-07|BAE Systems Hägglunds AB|Signature matching device and objects provided with signature matching device|

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JP6301187B2|2014-05-13|2018-03-28|レンゴー株式会社|Laminate sheet for offshore target and offshore target using the same|

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WO2016160588A1|2015-03-27|2016-10-06|Ganor Jacob A|Active camouflage system and method|

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GB201514337D0|2015-08-12|2015-09-23|Plextek Ltd|Object with adjustable appearance and method of adjusting the appearance of an object|

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US9777998B1|2016-09-21|2017-10-03|Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation|Device for camouflaging an object from infrared and low light cameras|

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US10794765B2|2017-09-20|2020-10-06|Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation|Device for securing an infrared radiation detector from unwanted infrared radiation and heat|

法律状态:

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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SE1150518A|SE536136C2|2011-06-07|2011-06-07|Device signature and method|SE1150518A| SE536136C2|2011-06-07|2011-06-07|Device signature and method|

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KR1020137031724A| KR101918621B1|2011-06-07|2012-06-04|Device and method for signature adaptation and an object with such a device|

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PCT/SE2012/050596| WO2012169954A1|2011-06-07|2012-06-04|Device and method for signature adaptation and an object with such a device|

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BR112013028442-0A| BR112013028442B1|2011-06-07|2012-06-04|SUBSCRIPTION DEVICE FOR SUBSCRIPTION|

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AU2012267227A| AU2012267227B2|2011-06-07|2012-06-04|Device and method for signature adaptation and an object with such a device|

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ES12796513.5T| ES2619694T3|2011-06-07|2012-06-04|Device and procedure for adapting the identification signal and object with such device|

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US14/113,576| US9312605B2|2011-06-07|2012-06-04|Device and method for signature adaptation and an object with such a device|

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CN201280027959.3A| CN103582800B|2011-06-07|2012-06-04|Apparatus and method and the object with this device for signal adaptation|

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EP12796513.5A| EP2718661B1|2011-06-07|2012-06-04|Device and method for signature adaptation and an object with such a device|

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PL12796513T| PL2718661T3|2011-06-07|2012-06-04|Device and method for signature adaptation and an object with such a device|

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CA2834936A| CA2834936C|2011-06-07|2012-06-04|Device and method for signature adaptation and an object with such a device|

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SG2013077672A| SG194214A1|2011-06-07|2012-06-04|Device and method for signature adaptation and an object with such a device|

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RU2013154419/12A| RU2591094C2|2011-06-07|2012-06-04|Device and method for adaptation of signature and object with such device|

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IL228993A| IL228993A|2011-06-07|2013-10-21|Device and method for signature adaptation and an object with such a device|

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ZA2013/07934A| ZA201307934B|2011-06-07|2013-10-23|Device and method for signature adaptation and an object with such a device|